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Science Y1 T2 > L9. Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

L9. Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 2 components that make up the respiratory tract.

A
  1. Upper respiratory tract

2. Lower respiratory tract

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2
Q

Name the 3 -pharynx regions.

A

Nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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3
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

Directly behind the nose.

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4
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

The large space behind the tongue

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5
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Behind the base of the jaw/chin.

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6
Q 
What do the following features make up? :
Nose
Paranasal sinuses
mouth and tonsils
throat/pharynx
larynx
A

Upper respiratory tract

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7
Q

What is the end of the nose called (nostrils)?

A

Nares

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8
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the nose? What kind of membrane lines the nose?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Mucous membrane

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9
Q

2 ducts open into the nose to give an eyes-to-nose connection. What are these 2 ducts?

A

Paranasal sinuses

nasolacrimal duct

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10
Q

What is the nasal septum made up of?

A

Cartilage and bone.

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11
Q

What does the nasal septum do?

A

Separates the left and right of the nose.

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12
Q

What 3 components make up the external portion of the nose?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Hair
  3. Keratin
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13
Q

Describe the epithelium found in the upper respiratory tract.

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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14
Q

Which type of cells can regenerate and act as stem cells?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with olfactory receptors in the olfactory segment.

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15
Q

What day to day function are the paranasal sinuses involved in?

A

Vocal resonance

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16
Q

Which feature warms and filters air? How many are there?

A

Chonchae/turbinates

3

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17
Q

Which sinuses are located between and above the eyebrows?

A

Frontal sinuses

18
Q

Which sinuses are located either side of the upper portion of the bridge of your nose?

A

Ethmoid sinuses

19
Q

Which sinuses are on the bridge of your nose and directly in front of your ear?

A

Sphenoid sinuses

20
Q

Which sinuses are found on the apple of your cheek?

A

Maxillary sinuses

21
Q

What is a fistula?

A

An abnormal connection between 2 epithelial-lined surfaces.

22
Q

What is an oro-antral fistula?

A

An opening between a paranasal sinus and the mouth (extraction of upper 7)

23
Q

What is the pharynx and what is it made up of?

A

A muscular tube from the base of the skull to the oesophagus. It is made of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.

24
Q 
What do the following make up?
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
A

Lower respiratory tract

25
Q

What is the larynx used for? Where is it?

A

The larynx is the voicebox. It is C3-C6.

26
Q

What does the larynx act as?

A

A sphincter

27
Q

What is unusual about the thyroid cartilage?

A

It doesn’t have a back region.

28
Q

Name the only cartilage which forms a full ring.

A

Cricoid cartilage

29
Q

Why is there a break in the cartilage of all the other “rings”?

A

The oesophagus sits behind.

30
Q

Name the 6 forms of cartilage found in the larynx.

A
  1. Arytenoid (x2)
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Cuneiform (x2)
  4. Corniculate (x2)
  5. Thyroid cartilage
  6. Cricoid Cartilage
31
Q

What is a cricothyroidotomy? What is its purpose?

A

This procedure opens the airway between the thyroid cartilage (above adam’s apple) and the cricoid cartilage (next bump below Adam’s apple)

32
Q

What is an odema?

A

Swelling

33
Q

How long is the trachea and where does it begin?

A

It is 4-5 inches long and begins below the cricoid cartilage.

34
Q

How many cartilage rings does the trachea have? Are they complete or incomplete?

A

15-20 incomplete cartilage rings. This maintains an open airway.

35
Q

What is the trachea wall made of?

A

Fibrous tissue

36
Q

What is the smooth muscle at the cartilage gap called?

A

Trachealis muscle

37
Q

Describe a difference between the left and right bronchi.

A

The right bronchus is straighter, wider and shorter than the left bronchus.

38
Q

Which bronchus are foreign substances more likely to go down?

A

The right hand side as it is a continuation of the trachea.

39
Q

Describe how each bronchus divides.
RHS :
LHS :

A 
RHS : superior lobe bronchus
          middle lobe bronchus 
          inferior lobe bronchus
LHS : superior lobe bronchus
          inferior lobe bronchus
40
Q

Where in the body is surfactant found? When is it created and what does it do?

A

Surfactant is found in the lungs.
It is created at 35 weeks in utero.
It helps us to breathe.

Science Y1 T2 (68 decks)

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