L69. Neoplasia 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does “neoplasm” mean?

A

new growth

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2
Q

Describe the 2 neoplasm classifications.

A
  1. behavioural - benign or malignant

2. Histogenesis - epithelial, connective tissue or other

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3
Q

What is the growth pattern and spread of a benign tumour?

A

It expands in its area of origin and can press on other tissues.

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4
Q

Describe the growth and spread of a malignant tumour.

A

Invades other tissues and spreads much faster than a benign tumour.

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5
Q

Describe the 2 types of growths which can arise from squamous epithelium.

A
  1. Benign called “papilloma”

2. Malignant called “squamous cell carcinoma”

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6
Q

Name the 2 growth types from glandular epithelium, eg salivary.

A
  1. Benign called “adenoma”

2. Malignant called “adenocarcinoma”

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7
Q

Name the 2 growth types from smooth muscle.

A

Benign - leiomyoma

Malignant - leiomyosarcoma

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8
Q

Name the 2 growth types from fibrous tissue

A
  1. Benign - fibroma

2. Malignant - fibrosarcoma

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9
Q

Name the 2 growth types from bone

A
  1. Benign - osteoma

2. Malignant - osteosarcoma

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10
Q

Name the 2 growth types from cartilage

A
  1. Benign - chondroma

2. Malignant - chondrosarcoma

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11
Q

Name the 2 growth types from fat

A
  1. Benign - Lipoma

2. Malignant - liposarcoma

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12
Q

Name the 2 growth types from a blood vessel

A
  1. Benign- angioma

2. Malignant - angiosarcoma

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13
Q

Name 2 chemical carcinogens.

A

drugs and alcohol

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14
Q

Name the 3 stages of tumour formation.

A
  1. Initiation (permanent DNA damage)
  2. Promotion (agent promotes proliferation)
  3. Latent period (time from promotion to tumour)
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15
Q

Give an example of physical carcinogenesis.

A

Ionising radiation

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16
Q

Describe the process of viral carcinogenesis.

A

Viral DNA is inserted into host DNA.

RNA is reverse-transcribed and inserted.

17
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

Potentially malignant white patches which cannot be rubbed off.