L25. Control of Breathing Flashcards
What kind of homeostasis does breathing maintain?
Blood-gas homeostasis
What kind of rhythm does breathing establish?
Autonomic
What is eupnea?
Normal rhythmic breathing
What is dyspnea?
Being short of breath
Which region of the brain regulates breathing?
Medulla
What do chemoreceptors do?
They tell the brain about P O2, P CO2 and pH.
What do mechanoreceptors tell the brain about breathing?
About the lungs, chest wall and airways
Trauma to which body region can cause sudden death due to its importance in breathing?
Brainstem and medulla
Give the names for:
a) decreased oxygen
b) increased CO2
a) hypoxia
b) hypercapnia
Which receptors detect changes in blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
What are central chemoreceptors? What do they primarily respond to?
Clusters of neurons in the brainstem which respond to CO2.
Neural signals are sent to the NTS in the brainstem via which nerve?
Vagus nerve
Where does the pons sit?
Just above medulla in brainstem
Which nerve exits the spinal cord at C3-5 and innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Nerves exiting T1-11 innervate what?
Intercostal muscles
Name the 3 “groups” found in the brainstem
Pontine
Dorsal
Ventral
What do the following groups do?
Pontine
Dorsal
Ventral
Pontine - regulates respiratory output
Dorsal - inspiratory neurons
Ventral - inspiratory and expiratory neurons
Which group sits closer to the forehead: ventral or dorsal group of the brainstem?
Ventral
What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to?
Decrease in O2
*What does NTS stand for and what does it do?
Nucleus tractus solitaries receives lots of information in the brain.
What makes up the CNS? What category does everything else come in to?
Brain + spinal cord = CNS
Everything else = peripheral nervous system
