L13. Gingival and Periodontal Disease

Question 1

Give the 4 components which make up the “periodontum”.

Answer 1

1. Gingiva
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Root cementum
4. Alveolar bone

Question 2

Which substance can cause abnormal pigmentation of the gingiva without disease?

Answer 2

Melanin

Question 3

What are the boundaries of the amelo-cemental junction?

Answer 3

Where the enamel stops and the cementum on the root begins.

Question 4

What happens in the “free gingiva”?

Answer 4

This is where bacteria can accumulate, causing pockets.

Question 5

What is the gap between the enamel and gingiva called?

Answer 5

Sulcus

Question 6

What does periodontal disease describe?

Answer 6

A group of diseases including gingivitis and periodontitis.

Question 7

Give the 4 signs of inflammation.

Answer 7

1. Pain
2. Heat
3. Swelling
4. Redness

Question 8

Give 4 symptoms of periodontal disease

Answer 8

1. Bleeding
2. Mobility
3. Halitosis
4. Recession

Question 9

What factors can influence periodontal disease?

Answer 9

1. General health
2. Infections
3. Immune function
4. Genetics

Question 10

Name a type of biofilm.

Answer 10

Dental plaque.

Question 11

Is plaque unimicrobial or polymicrobial?

Answer 11

Plaque is polymicrobial.

Question 12

Where is plaque found?

Answer 12

Subgingival and supragingival levels.

Question 13

Describe in 2 stages how the biofilm forms.

Answer 13

1. A pellicle of cells is formed which then adhere to the tooth surface.
2. The cells then grow to produce the mature biofilm.

Question 14

What is dental plaque in relation to calculus?

Answer 14

Dental plaque is calcified to form calculus.

Question 15

How do “false pockets” arise?

Answer 15

From gingival swelling

Question 16

How are “true pockets” formed?

Answer 16

When the gingivae detach from the tooth.

Question 17

What is furcation involvement?

Answer 17

When bone is lost between the 2 roots of 1 tooth.