L64. Growth and Ageing / Growth Physiology Flashcards
Give the name for an increase in cell numbers.
hyperplasia
Give the name for an increase in cell size
hypertrophy
Which cells cannot regenerate?
Neurons
What is thyroid hormone required for?
Neuron development
Give 3 characteristics of hypothyroidism
sparse hair
large tongue
delayed tooth eruption
What 2 roles does growth hormone play?
metabolism and growth
What does hypothyroid dwarfism mean?
infant proportions
infant height
What does hypopituitary dwarfism mean?
normal body proportions
infant height
What is IGF-1?
Insulin-like growth factor
What type of hormone is testosterone and what does it do?
anabolic steroid which increases muscle bulk by protein synthesis.
What does insulin promote regarding growth?
Foetal growth
What does cortisol do relating to growth?
At high levels, it inhibits growth and promotes bone resorption
What does vitamin D do?
Absorbed Ca2+ from the gut
What does excessive growth hormone in childhood lead to?
Gigantism
In adults what does excess growth hormone cause?
appositional growth - hands feet and jaw get bigger/wider.
