L46. Locomotion Flashcards
Name the 3 components of the axial skeleton
Head
neck
trunk
Name 3 components of the appendicular skeleton.
Limbs
pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
Describe the type of connective tissue that cartilage is.
Semi-rigid connective tissue providing flexibility.
Is cartilage vascular or avascular?
Avascular
What does articular cartilage do?
Reduces friction
Name the components of longbones.
Compact bone
spongy bone
medullary cavity
What is compact bone for?
Weight bearing
Give the anatomical name for :
long bones
short bones
flat bones
long bones - tubular
short bones - cuboidal
flat bones - protective
Name 3 areas of long bones.
Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends)
Metaphysis (area of growth between epiphysis and diaphysis)
What form of articular cartilage is found on longbones and where?
Hyaline - on the ends
Where is the periosteum?
Outermost layer of bone
What is found in the medullary cavity?
Bone marrow (yellow/red)
Where is the endosteum?
It surrounds the medullary cavity
What does the “medial plane” of the body show?
split down between the eyes.
What does the “sagittal plane” of the body show?
off-centre (shoulder to leg)
What does the “frontal plane” of the body show?
Head and face are separated down the ears
What does the transverse plane of the body show?
The body is sectioned horizontally.
Which planar view is the same as coronal?
Frontal view.
Give examples of “extension”
Arms back
Arms bent to straight
Legs back
Legs bent to straight
Give examples of flexion.
Arms forward
Arms straight to bent
Legs forward
Legs straight to bent
What is opposition?
Thumb and pinkie touching
What is reposition?
Thumb and pinkie not touching
What is supination?
Palm to ceiling
What is pronation?
Palm to ground
What is adduction?
5 fingers flat together
What is abduction?
5 fingers spread out flat
What is eversion?
ankle rotation - Pinkie toe to ceiling
What is inversion?
ankle rotation - Big toe to ceiling
What is dorsiflexion?
Toes to the sky
What is plantarflexion?
Toes to the floor
What is circumduction?
leg in circular movements - hip rotation
What is elevation?
Shoulders move up
What is depression?
Shoulders move down
What is protraction?
Arms in front of body
What is retraction?
Arms behind body
What is protrusion?
mandible forward
What is retrusion?
Mandible backwards
Which joints are stable and unstable when standing?
Hip and knee are stable
Ankle is much less stable
What is the “Gait cycle”?
Shows how we walk with the proportion of time we walk with support.
Name the 2 phases in 2 physical steps and the % of support for each phase.
Stance phase - 10% double support
40% single support
10% double support
Swing phase - 40% single support
Where can you find the : Condyle Iliac crest facet joints foramen fossa
Condyle - mandible
Iliac crest - top wings of pelvis
facet joints - they connect articular process of 2
vertebrae)
foramen - base of skull
fossa - in scapulaWhere can you find the : groove head line malleolus notch
groove - head of humerus
head - femur
line - lateral condyle of tibia
malleolus - medial malleolus on tibia, lateral malleolus
on fibula
notch - empty wing in pelvisWhere can you find the : protuberance spine spinous process trochanter trochlea
protuberance - occipital bone spine - scapula spinous process - vertebrae trochanter - below the neck of the femur trochlea - humerus
Describe the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity
Tubercle - small rounded prominence
Tuberosity - Moderate prominence
