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Science Y1 T2 > L46. Locomotion > Flashcards

L46. Locomotion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 components of the axial skeleton

A

Head
neck
trunk

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2
Q

Name 3 components of the appendicular skeleton.

A

Limbs
pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

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3
Q

Describe the type of connective tissue that cartilage is.

A

Semi-rigid connective tissue providing flexibility.

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4
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

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5
Q

What does articular cartilage do?

A

Reduces friction

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6
Q

Name the components of longbones.

A

Compact bone
spongy bone
medullary cavity

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7
Q

What is compact bone for?

A

Weight bearing

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8
Q

Give the anatomical name for :
long bones
short bones
flat bones

A

long bones - tubular
short bones - cuboidal
flat bones - protective

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9
Q

Name 3 areas of long bones.

A

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends)
Metaphysis (area of growth between epiphysis and diaphysis)

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10
Q

What form of articular cartilage is found on longbones and where?

A

Hyaline - on the ends

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11
Q

Where is the periosteum?

A

Outermost layer of bone

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12
Q

What is found in the medullary cavity?

A

Bone marrow (yellow/red)

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13
Q

Where is the endosteum?

A

It surrounds the medullary cavity

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14
Q

What does the “medial plane” of the body show?

A

split down between the eyes.

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15
Q

What does the “sagittal plane” of the body show?

A

off-centre (shoulder to leg)

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16
Q

What does the “frontal plane” of the body show?

A

Head and face are separated down the ears

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17
Q

What does the transverse plane of the body show?

A

The body is sectioned horizontally.

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18
Q

Which planar view is the same as coronal?

A

Frontal view.

19
Q

Give examples of “extension”

A

Arms back
Arms bent to straight
Legs back
Legs bent to straight

20
Q

Give examples of flexion.

A

Arms forward
Arms straight to bent
Legs forward
Legs straight to bent

21
Q

What is opposition?

A

Thumb and pinkie touching

22
Q

What is reposition?

A

Thumb and pinkie not touching

23
Q

What is supination?

A

Palm to ceiling

24
Q

What is pronation?

A

Palm to ground

25
Q

What is adduction?

A

5 fingers flat together

26
Q

What is abduction?

A

5 fingers spread out flat

27
Q

What is eversion?

A

ankle rotation - Pinkie toe to ceiling

28
Q

What is inversion?

A

ankle rotation - Big toe to ceiling

29
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Toes to the sky

30
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Toes to the floor

31
Q

What is circumduction?

A

leg in circular movements - hip rotation

32
Q

What is elevation?

A

Shoulders move up

33
Q

What is depression?

A

Shoulders move down

34
Q

What is protraction?

A

Arms in front of body

35
Q

What is retraction?

A

Arms behind body

36
Q

What is protrusion?

A

mandible forward

37
Q

What is retrusion?

A

Mandible backwards

38
Q

Which joints are stable and unstable when standing?

A

Hip and knee are stable

Ankle is much less stable

39
Q

What is the “Gait cycle”?

A

Shows how we walk with the proportion of time we walk with support.

40
Q

Name the 2 phases in 2 physical steps and the % of support for each phase.

A

Stance phase - 10% double support
40% single support
10% double support
Swing phase - 40% single support

41
Q 
Where can you find the :
Condyle
Iliac crest
facet joints
foramen
fossa
A 
Condyle - mandible
Iliac crest - top wings of pelvis
facet joints - they connect articular process of 2                 
                      vertebrae)
foramen - base of skull
fossa - in scapula
42
Q 
Where can you find the :
groove
head
line
malleolus
notch
A 
groove - head of humerus
head - femur
line - lateral condyle of tibia
malleolus - medial malleolus on tibia, lateral malleolus  
                    on fibula
notch - empty wing in pelvis
43
Q 
Where can you find the :
protuberance
spine
spinous process
trochanter
trochlea
A 
protuberance - occipital bone
spine - scapula
spinous process - vertebrae
trochanter - below the neck of the femur
trochlea - humerus
44
Q

Describe the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity

A

Tubercle - small rounded prominence

Tuberosity - Moderate prominence

Science Y1 T2 (68 decks)

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