L10. Thorax and Breathing

Question 1

Where do the lungs begin?

Answer 1

1 inch above the medial 1/3 of the clavicle.

Question 2

What type of muscle is the diaphragm made of?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Name how many lobes each lung has, and why.

Answer 3

The right lung has 3 lobes and the left has 2 lobes to make room for the heart.

Question 4

What feature do the lungs have to increase surface area?

Answer 4

They have fissures.

Question 5

Name the 2 types of fissures a lung can have.

Answer 5

Oblique

Horizontal

Question 6

Name the types of fissures each lung has.

Answer 6

RHS - Oblique and horizontal

LHS - Oblique only

Question 7

There are indents on both lungs but one is fainter than the other. Which lung is this, and why?

Answer 7

The fainter indent on the right lung is for the oesophagus.

The deeper indent on the left lung is for the aorta.

Question 8

Name the artery which takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

Answer 8

Pulmonary artery

Question 9

Name the vein which takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Answer 9

Pulmonary vein.

Question 10

What does the visceral pleura cover?

Answer 10

The lung’s outer surface

Question 11

What does the parietal pleura cover?

Answer 11

The internal rib surface

Question 12

What does the space between the parietal and visceral layers produce and why?

Answer 12

It produces pleural fluid to prevent friction.

Question 13

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 13

A space under the lungs where fluid may accumulate.

Question 14

What do the internal intercostal muscles do to the ribs?

Answer 14

Depress the ribs.

Question 15

What do the external intercostal muscles do?

Answer 15

External - Elevate

Question 16

Name the 3 intercostal muscle types.

Answer 16

1. Internal
2. External
3. Innermost

Question 17

What 3 features lie between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Answer 17

1. Intercostal Vein
2. Intercostal Artery
3. Intercostal Nerve

Question 18

What lies below the intercostal vein, artery and nerve?

Answer 18

Collateral branches of these. They lie in between the ribs.

Question 19

What is the white area at the top of the diaphragm called?

Answer 19

Diaphragm’s central tendon.

Question 20

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle run from/to?

Answer 20

From below the ear to the clavicle.

Question 21

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

Answer 21

Raises the clavicle in forced respiration.

Question 22

Where are the scalene muscles and what do they do?

Answer 22

Below ear.

Raise the 1st rib in forced expiration.

Question 23

What does the pectoralis major do, and where is it?

Answer 23

It widens the thorax.

It is in front of the shoulder.

Question 24

What are ribs for?

Answer 24

Respiration not protection