immune system Flashcards
what is innate immunity
you are born with these defense mechanisms
initial response to invasion and injury
non-specific (1st line of defense)
what is adaptive immunity
it develops more slowly in response to a specific foreign invader
specific (3rd line of defense)
1st line of defense prevents what from getting in
MO
what are physical barriers for the 1st line of defense
skin
epithelial lining of GI, GU
respiratory systems
mucous membranes
what are chemical barriers for the 1st line of defense
secretions of lysozyme, swear, lacrimal, saliva
in 2nd line of defense the 1st line is penetrated with means
prevent spread
5 cardinal signs in the 2nd line of defense is
red, hot, swollen, pain and loss of function
what are the 4 roles in the 2nd line of defense
destroy invader
limit tissue injury
promote healing and develop acquired immunity
in 3rd line of defense, 1st and 2nd lines are penetrated which means
it uses the immune system to target attack of MO
the immune response is?
antigen specific, systemic, memory
what are the five classes of immunoglobulins
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
what Ig is the most abudnant in plasma and crosses placenta
IgG
what Ig is in blood and body secretions, dimer, pathogens attach to surface
IgA
what Ig is the largest size, pentamer, first produced with first exposure
IgM
what Ig is rare in blood, mediator for allergy, parasitic infection, skin, mucosa
IgE
what Ig is always on B surface, Ag receptor, activates B cells
IgD
humoral response is mediated by what?
Ab
cell mediated response is mediated by?
lymph
what response do antibodies in fluids circulate
humoral
humoral response is produced by?
B cells, plasma, bind to Ag, setup for phagocytes, complement
microorganisms and microbial toxins are apart of humoral or cell mediated responses
humoral
what is direct destruction of cells
double recognition: self vs non , antiself
what is indirect destruction
release chemical mediators or activate other lymphocytes and macrophages
APC present Ag’s to T helper cells, stimulates proliferation of other B&T cells, helps others, necessary for immune response, destroy bacteria
Helper T cells
what are killer T cells, only cell attack and kill, lethal hit binds and release perforin, cell lysis, ROAMS
cytotoxic T cells
what supress B&T activity, stops immune response by Ag destruction, autoimmune reactions, uncontrolled immune action, regulate
suppressor T cells
B cells are humoral or cell mediate
humoral
T cells are humoral or cell mediated
cell mediated
where do immune cells orginate?
red bone marrow from hemocytoblasts (lymphoid stem cells)
where does clonal diversity occur?
in specialized primary lymphoid organs, primary in fetus
clonal diversity is programed to do what?
ID 1 specific ag, and cause extensive diversity
what does it mean to be immunocompetent?
you become able to recognize specific Ag by binding to it naive until exposed to Ag
b cells mature where
bone marrow
t cells mature where
thymus
when does clonal selection occur
when exposed to Ag in secondary lymphoid organs
when does clonal selection primarily occurs?
after born and throughout life
order of clonal selection?
select/ proliferate/ differentiate those with receptors for specific Ag
what do genes determine in the 3rd line of defense?
which foreign substances the immune system recognize and destroys
what do antigens determine in the 3rd line of defense
they determine which B and T cell will proliferate and attack it
what happens in the lymphatic system in the 3rd line of defense
this is where it meats Ag’s, lymphocytes bind and differentiate to form fully functional cells
macrophages are derived from what?
monocytes
what do antigen presenters do
engulf and present Ag fragments on surface to T cells
what is the memory for primary immune response
(1st exposure)- lag period for few days
what is the memory for secondary immune response
(subsequent exposure)
sam ag, quicker response, sustained
memory cells-> ________-> _________
plasma cells in few hours-> antibodies (greater affinity)
