Buffers and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

acid-base balance closely regulates what

Answer 1

pH of fluid

Question 2

arterial blood pH =

Answer 2

7.4

Question 3

venous blood and IF pH=

Answer 3

7.35

Question 4

ICF pH=

Answer 4

7.0

Question 5

tight regulation of pH> 7.45=

Answer 5

alkalosis

Question 6

tight regulation of pH<7.35=

Answer 6

acidosis

Question 7

when pH= 7.0-7.35 what is that

Answer 7

physiological acidosis

Question 8

lower pH=

Answer 8

due to greater amounts of acidic metabolites and CO2, which combines with H2O to form H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Question 9

small amount of acid are ingested, most H originates as

Answer 9

metabolic by-products or end products

Question 10

phosphoric acid released from phosphorous containing?

Answer 10

proteins into ECF

Question 11

lactic acid produced via ?

Answer 11

anaerobic respiration of glucose

Question 12

fatty acids and ketone bodies formed from?

Answer 12

fat metabolism

Question 13

CO2 travels as HCO3 in blood ?

Answer 13

liberating H+

Question 14

relationship between pH level and H concentration is

Answer 14

inverse

Question 15

lower pH=

Answer 15

greater H+ concentration

Question 16

acids release

Answer 16

H+ into solution

Question 17

bases remove

Answer 17

H+ from solution

Question 18

acids and bases are

Answer 18

strong or weak

Question 19

strong acids and bases completely do what

Answer 19

dissociates into its separate ions

Question 20

weak acid release? but not?

Answer 20

H+ but not completely dissociate

Question 21

acids and bases keep releasing until what is reached

Answer 21

equilibrium

Question 22

acids and bases prevent large changes in?

Answer 22

body fluid pH

Question 23

weak bases reduces concentration of?

Answer 23

H+ by binding to free H

Question 24

what prevents extreme changes in pH of solution. within body fluids, stabilize pH by binding xs H or by releasing H

Answer 24

buffers

Question 25

when strong acid or base, it maintains pH and part of

Answer 25

1st line of defense

Question 26

hydrogen ion concentration in blood is regulated sequentially by what 3 things?

Answer 26

1. chemical buffers 2. brain stem respiratory centers 3. renal mechanisms

Question 27

1st line of defence to resist pH changes ~second

Answer 27

chemical buffers

Question 28

change RR & depth to compensate for Acidosis & Alkalosis in 1-3 mi

Answer 28

brain stem respiratory center

Question 29

Kidneys most potent regulators, needs hours to at least 1 day

Answer 29

renal mechanisms

Question 30

what is a physiological buffering system

Answer 30

respiratory and renal

Question 31

what does the respiratory and renal control

Answer 31

pH by regulating Amount of Acid or Base in body.

Question 32

respiratory and renal is slower acting compared to

Answer 32

chemical buffering, but huge buffering potential

Question 33

there are 2 major mechanism for regulating H concentration and they work together to regulate acid-base balance, what are they?

Answer 33

chemical buffer systems physiological buffer systems

Question 34

what immediately resists pH changes in body fluids

Answer 34

chemical buffer systems

Question 35

what are examples of physiological buffer systems

Answer 35

respiratory and renal

Question 36

what system is a short term response to acid-base balance changes

Answer 36

respiratory

Question 37

respiratory system takes a few minutes to correct?

Answer 37

pH abnormality

Question 38

what system is long term, significant response to acid-base balance changes

Answer 38

renal sytem

Question 39

renal system takes hours to days to alter

Answer 39

body fluid pH

Question 40

what are the 3 systems that together prevent major changes in pH of body fluids

Answer 40

carbonic acid/ bicarbonate buffer system protein buffer system phosphate buffer system

Question 41

what is an ECF buffer

Answer 41

carbonic acid/ bicarbonate buffer system

Question 42

hemoglobin and plasma proteins is what kind of protein buffer system

Answer 42

protein buffer system

Question 43

urine and ICF buffer

Answer 43

phosphate buffer system

Question 44

chemical buffer systems have an important role in

Answer 44

regulation of extracellular pH

Question 45

what are 3 quick responses to metabolic conditions

Answer 45

1) Addition of CO2 or Lactate produced by Increased metabolism during Exercise 2) Increased Fatty acid & Ketone Body Production during times of Elevated Lipid Metabolism 3) Addition of Basic Substances (Sodium bicarbonate) intake as Antacid

Question 46

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid formed by CO2 + H2O H2CO3   HCO3-- + H+

Answer 46

carbonic acid/ bicarbonate buffer system

Question 47

Carbonic Acid / Bicarbonate Buffer System depends on

Answer 47

Equilibrium between H2CO3 & H+ / HCO3--

Question 48

when H added to solution, large parts bind to bicarb ion to form

Answer 48

carbonic acid and small % remails free

Question 49

When H+ Added to solution, Large part binds to Bicarb ion to form Carbonic Acid & small % remains free , it resists large ?

Answer 49

decrease in pH when Acid added to Body Fluids

Question 50

When H+ Removed from body fluids, Carbonic Acid forms Bicarbonate ion & H+ , it resists large?

Answer 50

Change in pH when Alkaline added to Body Fluids

Question 51

High Concentration of Intracellular & Plasma Proteins act as a Large Pool of Buffer Molecules

Answer 51

protein buffer system

Question 52

Important INTRACELLULAR Buffer System

Answer 52

phosphate buffer system

Question 53

~3/4 of Body’s Buffer Capacity. Important Buffer = Hgb. Act as Buffers due to Amino acid functional Groups – Carboxyl (-COOH) / Amino (- NH2) Groups Act as Weak Acids & Bases. As H+ Concentration Increases, more H+ BINDA to functional group When decreases, more H+ is RELEASED from Functional Groups

Answer 53

protein buffer system

Question 54

Phosphate-containing molecules in solution (DNA, RNA, ATP, Phosphate ions) act as Buffers When pH decreases (Acidic) = Ions (HPO4--) bind to H+  H2PO4– When pH increases (Alkaline) = Opposite (2 ions fluctuate between Gaining & Losing H+ to balance pH

Answer 54

phosphare buffer system