Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Structure and Function II > Chapter 15 Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the ear does balance involve

A

inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the sensory organs for hearing and balance in the petrous portion of temporal bone

A

inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the inner ear

A

posterior to the eye orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is extremely complex as functions in hearing and equalibrium

A

inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 regions of the inner ear

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

balance is what part of the inner ear

A

semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hearing is what region of the inner ear

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 regions in order from anterior to posterior

A

cochlea- vestibule- semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

maze due to complicated shape=

A

labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is within the bone and is a series of bony cavities within temporal bone

A

bony labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the bony labyrinth lined by and what does it contain

A

lined by endosteum
contains perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the bony labyrinth consists of

A

cochlea, vestibule, 3 semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is suspended within the bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth filled with and what is it surrounded by

A

filled with endolymph
surrounded by perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the membranous labyrinth consist of

A

cochlear duct, saccule, and utricle and semicircular ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what conducts sound vibrations in hearing and respond to mechanical forces during body position changes and acceleration

A

fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

structural and functional organs of balance = how many parts

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what consists of utricle and saccule of the vestibule

A

static labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what labyrinth is predominately involved in evaluating position of head relative to gravity

A

static labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what else does static labyrinth respond to

A

linear acceleration and deceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what maintains proper head position in response to change in linear motion such as walking

A

static labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what labyrinth is associated with semicircular canals

A

dynamic labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is involved in evaluating movements of the head

A

dynamic labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what maintains proper head position in response to rotational movement (turning)

A

dynamic labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what kind of epithelium is the static equilibrium with the utricle and saccule

A

simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does maculae respond to

A

pull of gravity and report changes in head position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is specialized epithelium 2-3 mm diameter and consists of supporting cells and hair cells

A

maculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is 1 cilium and many microvilli is

A

stereocillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hair cells embedded in otolithic membrane

A

gelatinous mass with otoliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

crystal-like structures composed of protein and CaCO3, “rocks”

A

otoliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what has no axons and directly synapse with CNVIII

A

hair cells

32
Q

saccular macula is perpendicular to what

A

the base

33
Q

what is parallel to skull base

A

utricular

34
Q

during balance in static labyrinth when you are in an upright position, the otolithic membrane

A

does not move

35
Q

as the position of the head changes during static labyrinth what causes otolothic membrane to move

A

gravity

36
Q

the movement of static labyrinth stimulates what

A

hair cells

37
Q

the pattern of head movements determines the intensity of

A

hair cell stimulation

38
Q

brain translates stimulation pattern translate into specific information about head position and

A

acceleration

39
Q

most info in static labyrinth is perceived and handled how

A

subconsciously

40
Q

the body responds by making subtle tone adjustments in muscles of back and neck, which do what

A

restore the head to its proper neutral, balances position

41
Q

what is associated with semicircular canals, which allow movement detection in all directions

A

dynamic equilibrium

42
Q

dynamic equilbrium has a base with enlarged swelling which is called

A

ampulla

43
Q

ampulla where equilbrium receptor is is called

A

crista ampullaris

44
Q

what is structurally and functionallly similar to sensory epithelium of maculae

A

crista ampullaris

45
Q

what does crista ampullaris respond to

A

rotational (angular) head movements

46
Q

crista hair cells are embedded in

A

capula

47
Q

dynamic equilibrium has no response to gravitational pull which means

A

no otoliths

48
Q

float displaced by fluid movement within semicircular canals

A

capula

49
Q

what moved within semicircular canals and moves caoula which creates hair bend and AP generated

A

endolymph

50
Q

what is involved in evaluating movement of the head

A

dynamic equilibrium

51
Q

what responds to endolymph movement within semicircular canals in dynamic labyrinth

A

crista ampullaris

52
Q

when a person is still is the capula move or stationary

A

stationary

53
Q

when you move (bend over to touch toes) what starts to move and what remains stationary

A

semicircular canals start to move with body
but endolymph remains stationary relative to movement points in opposite direction of body and semicircular canal movement

54
Q

when you move (bend over to touch toes) what is displaced and by what

A

cupula is displaced by endolymph in direction opposite the direction of movement

55
Q

as movement continues, endolymph in semicircular canals catch up with the , and what happens

A

cupula and stimulation stops

56
Q

as head stops moving, endolymph continues to move because of

A

momentum

57
Q

displacement of the cupula is most intense when

A

rate of head movement changes

58
Q

the cupula detect changes in rate of movement and not

A

movement alone

59
Q

the info the brain obtains from dynamic labyrinth is

A

subconscious

60
Q

the nervous system pathway for balance receives info from

A

inner ear signals

61
Q

signals are integrated to allow body to

A

maintain posture and balance

62
Q

consiously aware of sensory input detected via what

A

cerebrum

63
Q

APs associated with balance pathways conducted to

A

vestibular area of cerebral cortex only

64
Q

as we age what happens to the number of hair cells in saccule, utricle and ampullae

A

decrease

65
Q

what else decreases as we age

A

of otoliths

66
Q

neurons synapsing on hair cells of maculae and crista ampullares converge into

A

vestibular ganglion

67
Q

where are cell bodies located

A

vestibular ganglion

68
Q

sensory axons from the vestibular ganglion pass through what

A

vestibular nerve to vestibular nucleus within the brainstem

69
Q

vestibular nucleus have axons that run to other CNS areas=

A

spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex

70
Q

what influenes postural muscles

A

cerebellum

71
Q

vestibullar nuclei axons also synapse with what

A

motor nuclei or CN III, IV, VI

72
Q

what does motor nuclei, CN III, IV, VI control

A

reflexive movements of the extrinsic eye muscles

73
Q

vestibular nuclei axons also go to

A

posterior ventral nucleus of thalamus

74
Q

thalamic neurons project to

A

vestibular areas of cerebral cortex

75
Q

thalamic neurons project to vestibular areas of cerebal cortex=

A

conscious awareness of balance

Human Structure and Function II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions