Chapter 20 Heart Part 1 Flashcards
pulmonary circuit is on what side of the heart
right side of the heart
what receives O2 poor blood from body tissues, pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2 and drop off CO2
right side of the heart
where does the pulmonary circuit receive O2 poor blood from
body tissues
the pulmonary circuit pumps blood to lungs to pick up what and drop off what
O2 and drop of CO2
what side of the heart is the systemic circuit
left side of the heart
the left side of the heart or systemic circuit receives O2 rich blood from what?
lungs
after the systemic circuit receives O2 rich blood from the lungs it pumps blood throughout the body to provide
nutrients
after the systemic circuit receives O2 rich blood from the lungs it pumps blood throughout the body to provide nutrients, it brings O2 what back to what
O2 poor blood back to the heart
what is the receiving chamber of the heart
atria
what are auricles?
flaplike extensions of the heart
what kind of muscle surrounds the atria
pectinate muscles
what are pumping chambers of the heart
ventricles
what helps to forcefully eject blood
trabeculae carnea
what is the junction of atria and ventricles in coronary sulcus
atrioventricular groove
what separates left and right chambers
interatrial and interventricular septum
what is the heart the size of
closed fist
what Is the heart enclosed by
mediastinum
what is the mediastinum
medial cavity of thorax
what does the medistunum include
vessels and ductwork
what does the heart rest on
diaphragm
what is the heart anterior to
vertebrae
what is the heart posterior to
sternum
what is lateral to the heart
lungs
the heart is how far left from the midline
2/3
what is blunt, rounded point of the heart, at left lower corner
apex
what side is the bottom of the apex on
left
what is the superior portion of the heart
base
what is the double layer, closed sac surrounding the heart
pericardium
two layers of the pericardium
fibrous and serous
what is the outer layer of the pericardium
fibrous
what is the inner layer of the pericardium
serous
what layer of the pericardium has tough ct layer
fibrous
what does the fibrous layer of the pericardium prevent? what does it anchor?
heart overdistension and anchors mediastinum
what is the slippery serious membrane fold and consists of two layers
serous
what are the two layers of the serous layer of the pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
lining next to fibrous pericardium us
parietal percardium
what is the lining consistent with surface of the heart
visceral pericardium
what else is the visceral pericardium called
epicardium
what is the pericardial cavity filled with
serous pericardial fluid
what does the serous pericardial fluid do
reduces friction
what is inflammation of the heart and causes painful rub often due to viral infection, chest trauma, MI, cancer
pericarditis
what can pericarditis lead to
cardiac tamponade
how do you treat pericarditis
pericardiocentesis
what is pericardiocentesis
needle drain
middle heart layer, thick. cardiac muscle
myocardium
inner heat layer, simple squamous epi
endocardium
what is the branch right above the ascending aorta, in coronary sulcus
left and right coronary arteries
left coronary artery has how many divisions
3
what are the 3 divisons of the left coronary artery
anterior interventricular artery
circumflex
left marginal
what brings blood to interventricular spetum and anterior ventricular wall
anterior interventricular artery
blood to posterior heart is
circumflex
what brings blood to lateral wall of left ventricle
left marginal
how many divisions of the right coronary artery
2
what are the 2 divisions of the right coronary artery
posterior interventricular artery
right marginal artery
what brings blood to heart apex and blood to posterior ventricular walls
posterior interventricular artery
what brings blood to lateral right ventricle
right marginal artery
where does blood empty into right atrium and seen on posterior heart
coronary sinus
what are the 3 tributaries
great
middle
small cardiac veins
where is the great cardiac vein
in anterior interventricular sulcus
where does the great cardiac vein drain
left side of the heart
where is the middle cardiac vein
in posterior interventricular sulcus
where is the small cardiac vein
it runs along right inferior margin
what directly empties into anterio rright atrium
anterior cardiac vein
what is the blockage of coronary artery circulation
angina pectoris
what does angina pectoris cause
chest pain due to temporary deficiency of blood to myocardium
what is the cause of angina pectoris
coronary artery spasm or increased physical demands of heart
what becomes weak in agina pectoris and due to what
myocardial cells become weak due to tempoary lack of 02
how do you treat angina pectoralis
rest and nitroglycerin
what does nitroglycerin do
dilates BV
no valves at vena cava and pulmonary veins=
atrial myocardial compression
what do heart valves do
ensure 1 way blood flow
in the atrioventricular valves, what is attached to papillary muscles
chordae tendneae
what does the atrioventricular valves prevent
atrial backflow
right av valve is how many cusps
3 (tricuspid)
left av valve is how many cuspss
2 (mitral or bicuspid)
what prevents ventricular backflow
semilunar valves
what empties blood into pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries (lung)
pulmonary sl valve
what empties blood into aorta (tissue)
aortic sl valve
first heart sound is
closing of AV
second heart sound is
sl valves
murmurs =
abnormal sounds due to valve issues
incompentent means
doesnt close properly
stenotic means
narrow
incompetent or stenotic means
repump blood, backflow vs narrow/stiff= weak
