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DIT Step 2 > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

S4 gallop?

A

Atrial kick

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2
Q

Flame hemmorhages with what?

A

HTN, DM, central vein occlusion

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3
Q

ACEi is stopped when?

A

hyperkalemia

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4
Q

Renal artery stenosis less than 25 caused by what?

RAS over 50 is what?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia of renal artery

Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Renal artery stenosis findings?

Test for it?

A

HTN, bruit, HYPOKALEMIA b/c RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ANDROGEN SYSTEM

Dx for MRA

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6
Q

What can’t you give when bilateral renal stenosis?

A

ACEi b/c need distal construction to maintain GFR. Otherwise renal failure will happenq

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7
Q

Turner syndrome has what heart abnormality?

A

Coarctation (think a coarct looks like an X and turner is an X)

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8
Q

Hypertensive urgency?

A

180/120

No symptoms of end organ damage

IF end organ damage, it is an emergency!

Renal failure, papilledema, MI, dissection, pulm edema, angina

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9
Q

Tx of hypertensive emergency?

A

Only lower 25% of first 2 hours. But eventually getDBP to 100 otherwise can cause ischemia

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10
Q

Thiazides increase what?

A

Hyper GLUC

Glucose, lipids, urate, calcium

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11
Q

Loops lose calcium and potassium and sodium

What do thiazides lose?

A

K+ and H+

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12
Q

Alpha 1 blockers are what?

A

azosins

Use with other drugs, unless they have BPH

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13
Q

What causes first dose hypotension?

A

Azosins.

Also get rebound when you stop

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14
Q

Beta blockers that end in olol are blocking what? What if the end in something else?

A

If start with first half of alphabet they are B1, if second hal they are non selective

Labetalol and cavedilol are b1 and alpha1 selective (so can use in cocaine or pheo)

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15
Q

Dihidropiridines are what?

A

pines. HTN as a first line option

Use for prinzmetal
Esophageal spasm
Migraine

can cause constipation, reflux (makes sense, they are smooth muscle relaxers!)

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16
Q

Nitroprusside unique side effect?

A

Cyanide

17
Q

Vasodilator concern for heart? Solution?

A

reflex tachy, meaning more O2 demand and adverse events

So combine with beta blocker

18
Q

ACEi contraindication?

A

hyperkalemia (Think it causes worse renal insufficiency by decreasing GFR)

19
Q

JNC8 if over 60 is bp of what?

less than 60?

Or if diabetes or CKD?

A

140/90 for everyone EXCEPT for otherwise healthy 60 or older (so no diabetes or CKD)

20
Q

Anti htn in chronic kidney disease?

A

ACE/arb

21
Q

HTN in black?

A

Thiazide or CCB. Works better

22
Q

HTN in nonblack?

A

Thiazide, CCB, ACE, ARB

23
Q

Diabetes should be on what?

A

ACE or arb

24
Q

CHF HTN tx?

WHAT IS CONTRAINDICATED for htn med?

A

ACE, ARB
Aldosterone
Certain beta blockers (B,C Met)

Nondihydropyridine contraindicated b/c less cardiac ability. No Beta in acute setting

25
Q

Post MI htn meds?

A

Beta blocker, ACE or ARB, Aldosterone antag

26
Q

Osteoporosis ht. drug?

A

thiazide, retain calcium

27
Q

contraindicated htn drug in COPD or asthma?

A

Nonselective beta blockers b/cbronchospasm

28
Q

Gout contraindicated hth drug?

A

diuretics (remember the u in hyper GLUC)

29
Q

Migraine patient with HTN?

A

beta blocker

30
Q

HTN drugs that are sulfa?

A

Diuretics

31
Q

SHOCK IS 5 star topic

A

oh my

32
Q

Shock workup is shot gun approach

A

CBC, electrolytes, renal, liver, ABG, cardiac, coag, tox screen UA, lactic acid

33
Q

Tx of cardiogenic shock?

A

Dobutamine (strict beta 1)

Intra-aortic balloon pump

PTCA if MI

Careful with fluids!!

34
Q

Septic shock skin is what?

Tx?

A

war, vasodilation and loss of resistance causes it

Gram negative
DIC
Endotoxin

Tx: treat infection, IV FLUIDS and maybe vasopressor. NE is choice for vasopressor

35
Q

Nuerogenic shock mechanism?

Tx?

A

Peripheral vasodilation and bradycardia

Tx with fluids, vasopressors, atropine

36
Q

Swan ganz tells left atrial pressure

A

Left ventricular failure causes high atrial pressure

But if low fluids, low atrial fluid! helps figure out how to treat it

37
Q

Capilarry wedge pressure in tampanade?

A

It is high b/c pressures normalize in all chamber of heart (b/c pushing in the sac)

38
Q

Table on page 184!!

A

SUPER IMPORTANT

DIT Step 2 (77 decks)

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