HTA Flashcards

1
Q

Simptome HTA

A

Cefalee
Epistaxis
Ameteli
Tulburari de vedere

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2
Q

Anamneza in cazul HTA ar trebui sa se concentreze pe

A

Simptome + cauze secundare
Istoric familial (AHC)
Sarcina
Complianta la tratament antihipertensiv
Aspecte legate de stilul de viata
- Greutate
- Exercitiu fizic
- Factori de stres personal/profesional
- Tabagism
- Consum excesiv de alcool
- Consum de droguri recreationale cu efect stimulant

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3
Q

Examenul clinic si investigatiile paraclinice in HTA ar trebui sa includa

A

TA la domiciliu
Leziunile asimptomatice de organe tinta - cord, ochi, rinichi
Excludere cauze secundare
Risc CV total

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4
Q

Variabilitatea TA

A

In secunde - cu respiratia, activarea simpatica
In minute - la efort
In ore - ritmul somn-veghe, secretii hormonale circadiene
Termen lung - sezonier

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5
Q

Valori prag si tinta pentru pacienti < 80 ani

A

Prag
TAs > 140 sau TAd > 90 - CABINET
SAU
TAs > 135 sau TAd > 90 - DOM/AMB

Tinta
<140/90 - UK
<130/80 daca e tolerata - international la toti pacientii

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6
Q

Valori prag si tinta pentru pacienti > 80 ani

A

Prag
TAs > 160 sau TAd > 90 - CABINET
SAU
TAs > 150 sau TAd > 85 - DOM/AMB

Tinta
< 150/90 - UK
< 130/80 - international, la toti pacientii

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7
Q

Probleme in masurarea TA la cabinet

A

Necesita cadre medicale, unitati sanitare (timp, cheltuieli)
Necesita consultatii multiple
Efect de halat alb
Masuratorile la domiciliu si ambulatoriu sunt mai predictive pentru evenimentele CV

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8
Q

Probleme in masurarea TA la domiciliu

A

Necesita tensiometru propriu (cheltuieli)
Necesita instruire privind masurarea TA
Lipsa unor citiri obiective ale TA

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9
Q

Aspecte legate de dieta care cresc TA

A

Aport crescut de sare
Aport crescut de grasimi saturate
Aport crescut de carbohidrati simpli
Aport crescut de liquorice
Aport redus de fructe, legume

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10
Q

Substante frecvent implicate in cresterea TA

A

AINS
Corticosteroizi
Alcool
Droguri stimulante, recreationale
Contraceptive orale
Unele AD - venlafaxina (IRSN)
Inhibitori de calcineurina (ciclosporina, tacrolimus)
Inhibitori de VEGF (sorafenib, bevacizumab)

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11
Q

Principalele tipuri de cauze de HTA secundara

A

Renale
Vasculare
Endocrine
Neurovegetative

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12
Q

Cele mai frecvente cauze de HTA secundara

A

Hiperaldosteronism primar
SASO
Obezitate

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