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HOE > HOE TEST 2 > Flashcards

HOE TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation erruption of skin, occurs in or near sebaceous glands of face, neck, shoulder, and upperback

A

acne

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2
Q

using oxygen

A

aerobic

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3
Q

not using oxygen

A

anaerobic

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4
Q

substance that induces state of sensitivity or resistance to infection

A

antigen

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5
Q

glands that usually open into hair follicles. Found in armpits, near reproductive organs, around nipples

A

Aprocrine glands

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6
Q

Smooth ,isc;e attacjed tp tje jaor fp;;oc;e amd der,os tjat raoses jaor wjem ot cpmtracts. “goosebumps”

A

arrector pilli

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7
Q

The exclusion of bacteria and other microorganisms, typically during surgery

A

Asepsis

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8
Q

A member of large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, includin some that can cause disease

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going

A

basal metabolic rate

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10
Q

Develop in people who are bedridden. Compression of tissue and reduced circulation result in destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which later become infected by bacteria, forming ulcers

A

Bedsores

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11
Q

Decubitus Ulcers

A

Bedsores

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12
Q

Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body

A

Blood

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13
Q
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages
  3. Adipocytes
A

Cells of Dermis

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14
Q

Specialized gland in the surface of the ear that secretes cerumen

A

Ceruminous Glands

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15
Q

Common Sites For Nosocomial Infections

A
  1. Urinary Tract
  2. Surgical Wounds
  3. Respiratory Tract
  4. Skin(especially burns)
  5. Blood (Bacteremia)
  6. Gastrointestinal Tract
  7. Central Nervous System
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16
Q

A disease communicated from one person to another

A

Communicable Disease

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17
Q

Water, sodium chloride, small amounts of ammonia, urea, uric acid, lactic acid

A

Composition of Sweat

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18
Q

Gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury

A

Convalescence

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19
Q

The exchange of heat between objects in direct contact with each other. Such as the bottoms of the feet and the floor

A

Conduction

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20
Q

The transfer of heat between the body and the air or water. A cool breeze causes air to move over the body, allowing body heat to be lost

A

Convection

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21
Q

Forms the bulk of the hair. Consists of cells containing hard keratin. It is covered by the cuticle

A

Cortex of hair root

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22
Q

The stages an infection goes through from the appearance of the 1st problem, through treatment, to its conclusion

A

Course of Infection

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23
Q

A single layer of cells that contains hard keratin. The edges of the cuticle cells overlap like shingles on a roof.

A

Cuticle of Hair Root

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24
Q

Projections that extend toward the epidermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints and footprints

A

Dermal Papillae

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25
Q

The protion of the dermis that surrounds the epithelial root sheath

A

Dermal Root Sheath

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26
Q

Inflammation of the skin

A

Dermatitis

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27
Q

Layer of skin beneath the epidermis

A

Dermis

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28
Q

Layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and some glands

A

Dermis

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29
Q

To make or become wider, larger, or more open

A

Dilate

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30
Q

The act of disinfecting using specialized cleaning techniques that destroy or prevent growth of organisms capable of infection

A

Disinfection

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31
Q

Merocrine Sweat Glands

A

Eccrine Glands

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32
Q

Most common type of sweat gland. They open directly onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores. Most numerous in palms of hands, soles of feet, forehead

A

Eccrine Glands

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33
Q

They produce sweat, which cools the body

A

Eccrine Glands

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34
Q

Acute form of dermatitis usually caused by allergies

A

Eczema

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35
Q

Effects of Age on Immune System

A
  1. lose ability to produce new mature T-cells in the Thymus
  2. Primary and Secondary antibody responses decrease
  3. Ability to resist infections and develop immunity decreases
  4. The ability to resist intracellular pathogens also decrease
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36
Q

Blood flowing through skin has a reddish hue. An inflammatory response stimulated by infections, sunburn, allergic reactions, insect bites, exposure to cold and blushing or flushing, when angry or hot

A

Erythema

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37
Q

Composed of Fat

A

Fat Cells (Adipose)

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38
Q

External Epithelial Root Sheath

A

At the opening of the follicle, the external epithelial root has all the strata found in thin skin.

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39
Q

Change from liquid to vapor

A

Evaporation

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40
Q

Fingerprints

A

The dermal papillae, under thick skin lie in parallel, curving ridges that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints and footprints. The ridges increase friction and improve the grip of the hands and feet. Everyone has unique fingerprints

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41
Q

Superficial burns of the epidermis without blistering, but with redness and swelling. There is mild to moderate pain (sunburn)

A

First Degree Burns

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42
Q

A small bodily cavity or sac such as the depression in the skin from which hair grows

A

Follicle

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43
Q

Functions of Inflammation

A
  1. Destroy agent causing injury
  2. Limit effects of agent causing injury
  3. Repair or replace damaged tissue
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44
Q

A single-celled or multi-celled organism without chlorophull that reproduces by spores and lives by absorbing nutrients from organic matters (ringworm)

A

Fungi

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45
Q

Tubular sacs that hold the hair fibers.

A

Hair Follicle

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46
Q

The shape of a follicle determines:

A

Shape of the hair

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47
Q

Lies beneath the surface of the skin

A

Hair Root

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48
Q

Protrudes from the skin

A

Hair Shaft

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49
Q

Heat Gain

A

The increase of heat gain within a given space as a result of direct heating by solar radiation and heat radiated by light, people, sun, hot sand of a beach, hot coal

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50
Q

Heat Loss

A

Physical factors that influence heat loss: radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation from lungs, skin mucous membranes; radiation to cool vegetation or snow on the ground.

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51
Q

An organism that harbors or nourishes another organism

A

Host

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52
Q

Of unknown origin (said of a disease)

A

Idiopathic

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53
Q

What may cause impetigo

A

Staphylococci

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54
Q

A pyoderma, or pus-containing, contagious skin disease

A

Impetigo

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55
Q

The development without sign or symptom of an infection from the time the infectious agent gains entry until the appearance of the 1st signs or symptoms

A

Incubation

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56
Q

Is the response that occurs when tissues are damaged.

A

Inflammation

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57
Q

Inflammation has 5 Major Manifestations

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Disturbed Function
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58
Q

Invasion of the body with organisms that have the potential to cause disease

A

Infection

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59
Q

Has raised edges that mesh closely with the raised edges of the hair cuticle and hold the hair in place. When a hair is pulled out this comes out and is visible as a whitish tissue around the root of the hair.

A

Internal Epithelial Root Sheath

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60
Q

Excessive billirubin in the blood causing yellowing of the skin

A

Jaundice

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61
Q

Hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair.

A

Keratin

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62
Q

An epidermal cell that produces keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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63
Q

Derived from precursors in the bone marrow. They are found primarily in the epidermis. They are believed to be antigens presenting cells involved in cell-mediated immune reaction in the skin

A

Langerhans Cells

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64
Q

Stratum Layers of Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale
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65
Q

Cresent-shaped area at the base of a fingernail

A

Lunula

66
Q

Glands on either side of adult female chest, with fatty tissue, and nipple make up the breast. Each gland is a network that produces milk during lactation.

A

Mammory Glands

67
Q

Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread (ex:Handwashing)

A

Medical Asepsis

68
Q

Innermost layer of the hair compose of round cells, often absent in fine hair.

A

Medulla

69
Q

The pigment that gives human skin, hair, and eyes their color

A

Melanin

70
Q

It provides some protection against skin damage from the sun

A

Melanin

71
Q

Cells that produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

72
Q

Infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or healthcare service unit.

A

Nosocomial Infections

73
Q

First layer of the Dermis. Loose connective tissue (thin)

A

Papillary Layer

74
Q

An agent that causes disease

A

Pathogen

75
Q

Living Microorganisms

A
  1. Bacterium
  2. Virus
  3. Fungus
76
Q

The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes.

A

Phagocytosis

77
Q

The coloring of your skin

A

Pigment of Skin

78
Q

The route by which an infectious agent enters the body. They be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices

A

Portal of entry

79
Q

The route by which an infectious agent leaves the body

A

Portal of exit

80
Q

An alternate host or passive carrier of a pathogenic organism

A

Reservior

81
Q

2nd Layer of dermis. Made of collagen and elastic fibers. (Thick) Dense irregular connective tissue. Strong, main fibrous layer of dermis. Forms cleavage lines.

A

Reticular Layer

82
Q

New cells produced in the deepest layers. As new cells form they push older cells to the surface.

A

Role of Layers of Epidermis

83
Q

The gain or loss of heat as infared energy between 2 objects that are not in physical contact.

A

Radiation

84
Q

Role of the Papillae Ridges

A

The ridges increase friction and improve the grip of the hands and feet

85
Q

Located in the dermis. Simple or compound alveolar glands that produce sebum

A

Sebacious Glands

86
Q

Sebum

A

oil

87
Q

Where is sebum found

A

Base of the hair follicle

88
Q

Involves epidermis and dermis and involves blistering. The wound is sensitive to touch and very painful

A

Second Degree Burn

89
Q

The complete elimination or destruction of all living microorganisms

A

Sterilization

90
Q

Deepest stratum of the epidermis. A single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells

A

Stratum Basal

91
Q

Basement membrane of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basal

92
Q

Most superficial layer of the epidermis. Dead squamous cells. Provides structural strength due to keratin in cells.

A

Stratum Corneum

93
Q

Layer of stratum that prevents water loss due to lipids, sloughs off superficial cells, resists abrasion, Consists of cornified cells (dead cells) with a hard protein envelope, filled with keratin.

A

Stratum Corneum

94
Q

2-5 Layers of flattened diamond-shaped cells. Produce keratohyalin granules. Lamellar bodies release lipids from cells. (cells die)

A

Stratum Granulosum

95
Q

3-5 Layers of dead cells. Appear transparent. Dispenses keratohyalin around keratin fibers

A

Stratum Lucidum

96
Q

Stratum that is present in thick skin. and absent in most thin skin

A

Stratum Lucidum

97
Q

8–10 Layers on many sided cells. Produce keratin fibers. As cells in this stratum are pushed to surface they flatten, break apart by demosomes. New demosomes form. They shrink from each other except where they are attached by demosomes. Causing cells to look spiny.

A

Stratum Spinosum

98
Q

Not part of skin. Loose connective tissue with large deposits of adipose tissue.

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

99
Q

It attaches to the dermis to underlying structures

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

100
Q

Layer that is not part of the skin or the Integumentary system.

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

101
Q

Subcutaneous contains what kind of tissue

A

Adipose (fatty)

102
Q

Provides energy , storage, insulation, and padding

A

Adipose Tissue

103
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Sweat Glands

104
Q

The exclusion of all microorganisms before they can open surgical wounds or contaminate a sterile field during surgery

A

Surgical Asepsis

105
Q

Sterilization of all instruments, drapes and all other objects that may come in contact with the wound. Put on surgical gloves, gowns, and hand scrubs

A

Surgical Asepsis

106
Q

The portion of the sweat gland that passes through the corium and epidermis

A

Sweat Gland Duct

107
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Sweat Glands

108
Q

Found almost everywhere on the body

A

Sweat Glands

109
Q

Diaphoresis

A

The excretion of sweat

110
Q

Where do secretions exit the body

A

Sweat Pore

111
Q

There is no cure or adequate treatment for these illnesses

A

Terminal

112
Q

Involves complete destruction of skin, sometimes reaching into the muscle and bone and causing extensive scarring

A

Third Degree Burn

113
Q

A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis

A

Third Degree Burn

114
Q

Third Degree Burns are usually painless because this has been destroyed

A

The Sensory Receptors

115
Q

A chemical substance made by thyroid gland for export into the bloodstream

A

Thyroid Hormone

116
Q

The thyroid gland needs this to make thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

117
Q

2 Most Important Thyroid Hormones

A

Thyroxine (T3), Triiodothyronine(T4)

118
Q

A condition of normal tension in a cell or groups of cells. Swelling or other distention

A

Turgor

119
Q

A reflection of the skins elasticity, measured by monitoring the time it takes for the skin of the foremarm to return to position after it is pinched between the examiner’s thumb and forefinger

A

Skin Turgor

120
Q

Normal Turgor

A

Is a return to normal contour of the skin within 3 seconds

121
Q

A white, cheesy substance that covers and protects the skin of a fetus

A

Vernix

122
Q

What is vernix composed of

A

Sebum and cells that have sloughed off the skin of the fetus (vernix caseosa)

123
Q

A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell

A

Virus

124
Q

Invades living cells and use their chemical machinery to keep itself alive and to replicate itself

A

Virus

125
Q

Can cause many common infections or a number of rare diseases

A

Virus

126
Q

Any of the soft-bodied, elongated invertebrates.

A

Worms

127
Q

Some kind of worms that are parasitic for humans are

A
  1. Hookworms
  2. Pinworms
  3. Tapeworms
128
Q

Produces the hair in cycles, with a growth stage and resting stage

A

Hair Bulb

129
Q

Nearly all the nail is formed by this

A

Nail Matrix

130
Q

This system protects us from the external environment. Other functions include sensation, terperature regulation, vitamin D production, and excretion of small amounts of waste products

A

Integumentary System

131
Q

This stratum consists of several layers of cells held together by demosomes

A

Stratum Spinosum

132
Q

Cell death occurs in this stratum

A

Stratum Granulosum

133
Q

This stratum consists of cells filled with granules and keratohyalin

A

Stratum Granulosm

134
Q

This stratum consists of layers of dead, transparent cells

A

Stratum Lucidum

135
Q

This stratum consists of many layers of dead squamous cells

A

Stratum Corneum

136
Q

The transformation of the living cells of the straum basale into dead squamous cells of the stratum corneum

A

Keratinization

137
Q

This type of keratin is present in skin and inside hairs

A

Soft Keratin

138
Q

This type of keratin occurs in nails and outside of hairs

A

Hard Keratin

139
Q

This is found only in this skin

A

Hair

140
Q

This is determined genetically but can be influenced by ultraviolet light (tanning) and hormones

A

Melanin Production

141
Q

What is an injested plant pigment that can cause the skin to appear yellowish

A

Carotene

142
Q

This lowers body termperature

A

Sweat

143
Q

Through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls this

A

Heat Loss

144
Q

Smooth muscles that produce “goosebumps” when they contract are attached to hair follicles are called

A

Arrector Pili

145
Q

In what stratum do melanocytes produce and contribute melanin

A

Stratum Basale

146
Q

Which layer of stratum produces keratin fibers, formation of lamellar bodies, and limited amount of cell division

A

Stratum Spinosum

147
Q

Which stratum does sloughing occur of 25 or more layer of dead squamous cells

A

Stratum Corneum

148
Q

What is the layer of dermis responsible for cleavage lines and stretch marks

A

Reticular Layer

149
Q

What causes pattern baldness

A

Genetic Factors and Testosterone

150
Q

Central axis of hair

A

Medulla

151
Q

Forms bulk of hair

A

Cortex

152
Q

Outermost layer of hair

A

Cuticle

153
Q

Actively produces hair

A

Hair Bulb

154
Q

Surrounds the hair as it grows out

A

Root Sheath

155
Q

Visible part of the nail

A

Nail plate

156
Q

Fingernail grows here

A

Matrix

157
Q

When melanocytes stop producing melanin is causes this in hair

A

Gray Hair

158
Q

Made of plates of hard keratin

A

Nails

159
Q

Nail Functions

A
  1. Protective cover
  2. Helps grasp objects
  3. Allow us to scratch
160
Q

Surrounds the epithelial root sheath

A

Dermal Root Sheath

161
Q

Holds hair in place

A

Internal Epithelial Root Sheath

162
Q

Epithelial Root Sheath divided into 2 parts

A
  1. Internal epithelial root heath-Holds hair in place

2. External epithelial root sheath-Has all strata found in skin

HOE (55 decks)

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