final study guide 201-2 Flashcards
Function of Cholecystokinin
A hormone produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats, causing contraction of the gallbladder, release of bile, and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
The 3rd and longest portion of the small intestine, between the jejunuum and the cecum
Ileum
The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
The middle part of the small intestine
Jejunum
A reduction in the number of WHITE CELLS in the blood, typical to various diseases
Leukopenia
- The MIDDLE layer of an embryo in early development
- Lies between the the ectoderm and endoderm
- Bone, connective tissue, muscle, blood, vascular and lymphatic tissue, and the pleurae of the pericardium and peritoneum are all derived from this
Mesoderm
- The release of the egg (ovum) from the ovary
- The egg is released when the cavity surrounding it (the follicle) breaks open in response to a hormonal signal
- It occurs around 14 or 15 days from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle.
When this occurs the ovum moves into the fallopian tube and becomes available for fertilization
Ovulation
- Are found in the male gonads of sexually reproducing organisms
- They are found in the seminferous tubules of the testis
- They carry out meiosis to produce spermatids–which in turn give rise to mature sperm cells
- A diploid cell that undergoes meoisis to form 4 spermatids
Spermatocyte
A ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
- Process by which nutrients pass through the lining of the digestive system
- The uptake of molecules by the cells of the small intestine
Absorption
The process by which food is broken down into absorbable units
Digestion
Any of the 3 layers of cells of the embryo from which the tissues and organs develop
Germ Layer
Consumption. The process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
Ingestion
- A form of immunity which occurs when antibodies are transferred from one person to another individual,
- Or when antibodies of animal origin are introduced to a human. This type of immunity is short acting
Passive Immunity
- Liquid, anything fluid usually. It can be from blood to urine and everything in between. Saliva, semen, etc.
- A process by which substances are discharged from a cell, gland, or organ
Secretions
The synthesis of glucose from molecules that are not carbohydrates, such as amino and fatty acids Especially by the liver.
Gluconeogenesis
Of or relating to an immature male germ cell that divides to form many spermatocytes
Spermatogonia
What is the function of a nephron
functional unit of a kidney
- Its chief function is to–regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine
- They eliminate wastes from the body
- Regulate blood volume and pressure
- Controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites
- Regulate blood pH
The part of a kidney tubule that forms a long loop in the medulla of the kidney, from which water and salts are resorbed into the blood
Loop of Henle
What is the Function of the Scrotum
A sac to hold and support the testis outside the body, allowing sperm to develop at a temperature lower that that of the internal body
The numerous areas of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the small intestine that are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present there
Peyer’s Patches
Function of Hemocytoblast
Type of stem cell in bone marrow
Capable of developing into any type of blood cell
Function of Cells in Aveoli
- Forms structures of alveolar walls
- Secrete pulmonary surfactant–To lower surface tension of water + allows the membrane to separate, increasing its capability to exchange gases
- Destroy foreign material (bacteria)
What triggers Antibodies
Antigens
Once the immune system detects the presence of antigens, it triggers an antibody response
What substances needed for normal RBC
(red blood cell) production
- Folic acid
- Vitamin b12
- Needs Intrinsic Factor derived from stomach for absorption, of B12
An enzyme that helps digest CHO (carbohydrates)
Amylase
Enzyme that aids in the breakdown of triglycerides
Lipase
Why do we need dietary fats
1. Provides ENERGY needed for growth and basic body functions 2. Cushions your organs 3. Helps body absorb fat-soluble vitamins 4. Contributes to health of skin 5. HELPS prevent common cold
What ion is found in intracellular flluid
liquid contained inside the cell membranes
Potassium
What ions control water volume
Sodium Ions
What influences the change of K (potassium)
- Blood Glucose Levels
- Adrenal Function
- Changes in Na+ Levels (Sodium)
- pH Changes
What is Cerebral Circulation
The supply of BLOOD TO BRAIN
What is Coronary Circulation
The blood supply to the CARDIAC MUSCLE
What is the function of the Glomerular Capsule (also called Bowman’s Capsule)
(thin membrane that surround glomerulus of a nephron)
- Performs 1st Step in FILTRATION of Blood to Form Urnie
- It allows liquids + small particles of solids to pass through but prevents larger structures (blood cells) from passing through
What is Pulmonary Circulation
Circulation of blood between HEART + LUNGS
What is Hepatic Portal Circulation
- System of Veins made up of the Hepatic Portal VEIN and its tributaries
- The return of venous blood from the digestive organs and spleen through a capillary network within the liver before draining to the heart
Interstitial Cells
- The cells of the connective tissue of the ovary or the testis, which furnish the internal secretion of those structures
- Also called Leydig Cells
A vein carrying OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the LEFT ATRIUM of the heart
Pulmonary Veins
What is needed by body to absorb Intrinsic Factor
Vitamin B12
Where and How does Blood Cell Formation take place
WHERE-Red Bone Marrow
HOW-Erythropoietin, a hormone produced mostly by the kidneys, stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes
Inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of blood vessels leading to that area
Ischemia
