final study guide 101-2 Flashcards
A disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance to a varying degree. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus(a noise sensation), and progressive hearing loss, usually in one ear
Meniere’s Syndrome
Abnormal alignment of the eyes, the condition of having a squint
Strabismus
Any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell
Odorants
Whiat is the most abundant chemical substance
Water
What is the most abundant skeletal cartilage
Hyaline
Any of the ultramicroscopic filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril
Myofilament
One of the slender threads of a muscle fiber, composed of numerous myofilaments
One of the threadlike longitudinal fibrils occurring in a skeletal or cardiac muscle fiber
Myofibrils
One of the segments into which a fibril or striated muscle is divided
The smallest functional unit of a myofibril
They occur as repeating units along the length of a myofibril, occupying the region between Z lines of the myofibril
Sacromere
Are the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid.
Tight Junction
A device composed of rods and pins designed to provide stabilization of a body part. The external skeletal apparatus may be attached directly to the bone
Fixator
An agent that acts with or enhances the action of another
A muscle that assists the action of the priv mover
Synergist
What causes Sebum to be Produced
Sebum is produced by sebaceous glands
These are found over most of the body
Few on hands and feet, none on palms
Most sebaceous glands open out into the hair follicle
Sebum is produced when the sebaceous gland disintegrates
Signs of Addison’s Disease
(Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisoland, in some cases, the hormone aldosterone)
Disease also called: Adrenal Insufficiency, or Hyporcortisolism
- Muscle Weakness and Fatigue
- Weight loss and Decreased appetite
- Darkening of your skin
- Low blood Pressure, even Fainting
- Salt Craving
- Low Blood Sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Nausea, Diarrhea or Vomiting
- Muscle or Joint Pains
- Irritability
- Depression
- Body hair loss or sexual dysfunction in women
What is in the Thoracic Cavity
LUNGS HEART AORTA PULMONARY ARTERY SUPERIOR + INFERIOR VENA CAVAE TRACHEA ESOPHAGUS PASSES THROUGH HERE THYROID + THYMUS GLANDS
What is in the Dorsal Cavity
The Dorsal Cavity contains the Cranial Cavity and the Spinal Cavity
The only organ in the Dorsal Cavity is the BRAIN
Characteristics of a neuron
nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system
- Neurons transmit information throughout the body
- Responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms
- Neurons stop reproducing shortly after birth
- Neurons have a membrane that sends information to other cells
- Neurons release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into synapses to communicate with other neurons
- Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptor cells throughout the body to brain
- Motor neurons transmit information from brain to muscles
- Interneurons are responsible for communicating information between different neurons in the body
Function of Oligodendrocytes
type of cell in the central nervous system
Principle function- provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath, which insulates axons
Function of Abducens Nerves
Allows abduction of the eye
It tells your eyeball to move outward or peer toward your near shoulder
Function of Acetylcholinesterase
also known as AChE
The enzyme which breaks down the neurotransmitter- acetylcholine(which sends messages between nerves, signaling muscle contractions)
It breaks acetycholine down into Choline and Acetic Acid after it has served its function
Function of the Iris
9colored part of the eye)
The iris regulates the entrance of light into the eye
Also, spearates the anterior and posterior chamber of the eyeball and is perforated in the center by the pupil
Function of the Cornea
- The cornea acts as the eye’s outermost lens. it functions like a window that controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye. The cornea contributes between 65-70% of the eye’s focusing power
- . It helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter
What is the Function of Cochlea
Function of the Cochlea is to transform the vibrations of the cochlear liquids and associated structures into a neural signal
This occurs at the organ of Corti
It is composed of sensory cells called hair cells, which convert vibration into neural messages, these messages are then carried to the brain
Function of Eccrine Sweat Glands
Tubular structures that open directly at the top of the skin, between the hair follicles
Helps your body regulate its termperature
Function of Osteoblast
cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix
Creation of Bone
Produce Bone Matrix
Increase of Bone Mass
Function of Osteoclast
cells that break down and absorb, bone tissue back into the body
Function of Autonomic Ganglia
It is how Central Nervous System (CNS) sends commands to rest of body
Function of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Regulates key INVOLUNTARY function of the body
Function of Visceral Sensory Area
The Awareness of Sensation
Such as: pain, pressure, fullness, organ movement, upset stomach, full bladder
Area of the Cerebral Cortex
Function of Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Allows spatial discrimination the identify the region of the body being stimulated
Able to tell where sensation is coming from
Function of Posterior Association Area
Recognizing Patterns, Faces
Taking several inputs + combining to form the “Big Picture”
Function of Pyramids
Consists of tubules that transport urine from outer part of kidneys to calyces-
(cup-shaped cavity) where urine collects
Function of Thalamus
All sensory inputs converge on Thalamus
Acts as a relay to the cerebral hemisphere
Function of Post Association Area
Allows awareness of Spacial Location of body
“Body Sense”
Function of Somatosensory Association Cortex
Integrates sensory inputs of objects being felt to produce a better understanding of them
Function of Limbic System
Links emotion reactions to body response
Holds emotion part of brain
Function of Limbic Association Area
Processes Emotion
Guides Emotional Responses
Helps form memories–translates that to motor responses
Important for social interactions + expressions of the personality
What is action of Acetycholine
Excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle
How does light pass through eyes
CORNEA bends + focuses different rays of light that hit your eye
Then passes through your PUPIL
Then light hits you LENS (makes upside down image on back of your eyeball
That’s where RETINA is–made of light sensitive cells that send signal to your brain through OPTIC NERVE
Your brain interprets info sent from RETINA and forms image
