final study guide 101-3 Flashcards
Function of Ceruminous Gland
It produces cerumen (earwax) that protects the skin in the ear from dust, bacteria and very small insects
Function of a Dendrite
Main receptive of input regions
Provides an enormous surface area for receiving signals from other neurons, in the brain in collects information
Function of Limbic System
Central in the control of emotional responses
Storing memories
Regulating Hormones
The Limbic System is involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival
Such emotions include: fear, anger, and emotions related to sexual behavior
Also involved in feelings of pleasure that are related to our survival, such as those exxperienced from eating and sex
Function of Osteocyte
Osteocytes are responsible for the maintenance and turnover of mineral content of surrounding bone
Function of Thalamus
located above the brainstem
- Motor Control
- Receives Auditory, Somatosensory and Visual Sensory Signals
- Relays Sensory Signals to the Cerebral Cortex
- Controls Sleep and Awake States
Functions of Vestibule
The vestibule contains sense organs responsible for balance
utricle and saccule
Function of Vestibulocochlear
it is a sensory nerve
A sensory nerve that conducts auditory (mange hearing) and vestibular (maintain balance) information from the inner ear to the brain
Function of Hypothalamus
Controls the Autonomic Nervous System
The thirst center, hunger center and the body’s thermostat
Controls the:
(hypophysis)pituitary gland–the most important endocrine gland in body-often referred to as “master gland”
The hypothalamus is the site of emotions and the effect emotions can have on the body
Functions of Mammary Glands
Where milk production takes place
Also, to pass antibodies needed for baby’s protection against infections (passive immunity)
Functions of Cerebellum
located below cerebrum or just above brain stem
- Helps maintain body’s sense of balance
2. Coordinates muscular movements with Sensory information
Functions of Medulla
(medulla oblongata-a structure comprising the lower section of the brain stem)
Certain stimuli cause the medulla to send signals through the cranial nerves to execute actions like sneezing, swallowing or coughing
The neurons that initiate vomiting are found here
There is no single function of the medulla, but most of the processes it controls are related to one another
These involuntary functions include: Regulation of Heart Rate Blood Pressure Breathing Digestion Sleep and Arousal Some Motor Control Sensory relay to the cortex Regulate reflex action involving the face + throat Relay sensation of touch, pain, balance, and limb position to cortex
Function of a neurilemma
(the plasma membrane surrounding a Schwann cell of a myelinated nerve fiber
It separates layers of myelin
Functions of Rods
Are known as photoreceptors.
They are cells located on the retina, in the back of the eye
Function: To receive and process signals of light and color, which gives us our vision
Functions of Prefrontal Cortex
the part of the frontal lobes lying just behind the forehead, is often referred to as the “CEO of the brain”
This brain region is responsible for cognitive analysis and abstract throught and the moderation of “correct” behavior in social situations
The prefrontal cortex is one of the last regions of the brain to reach maturation
Functions Include:
- Focusing Attention
- Organizing thought and problem solving
- Foreseeing and weighing possible consequences of behavior
- Forming strategies and planning
- Ability to balance short-term rewards with long term goals
- Shifting/Adjusting behavior when situations change
- Impulse control and delaying gratification
- Modulation of intense emotions
- Inhibiting inappropriate behavior and initiating appropriate behavior
- Simultaneously considering multiple streams of information when faced with complex and challenging information
Functions of Chondrocytes
cells found in healthy cartilage
They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which occupies 90-99% of cartilage volume.
They produce both the collagen and elastic fibers of the matrix as well as the other large macromolecules, such as the vaarious photeoglycans
Functions of Ependymal Cells
Responsible for lining of ventricular cavities (of brain)
They also line the central canal of spinal cord
They are involved in the production of cerebrospinal Fluid
Function of photreceptors
Cells in the retina that respond to light
Function of proprioceptors
Help the body recognize, activate, and coordinate its various parts in relation to its other parts and the environment.
For example:
Being able to touch your nose with your finger while your eyes are closed
Walking without watching where each foot lands
Tying your shoes
Finding your house key, and unlocking the door without looking
Proprioceptors also governs the sense of owning your body, the sense that your limbs belong to you
Function of Reticular Formation
the Reticular Formation is a comprehensive network of nerves that is found in the central area of the brainstem
The functions of the formation involve many of the essential functions of the body, such as:
1. ability to obtain recuperative sleep, sexual arousal,
- ability to focus of tasks without being easily distracted
- Directly involved with unconscious functions
- Help to regulate the beating of the heart
- Breathing and Respiration functions
- Other processes of digesting food
- Helps to regulate the processes of urination and defecation
Function of Semicircular Canals
Your semicircular canals are 3 tiny fluid filled tube in you inner ear that help you keep your balance
When your head moves around and moves the tiny hairs that line each canal.
These hairs translate the movement of the liquid into nerve messages that are sent to you brain
Your brain then can tell your body how to stay balanced
Function of Trigeninal Nerves
- Is the largest of all 12 cranial nerves
- It is responsible for sensation in the face, teeth, tongue, sinus, palate and motor functions such as biting, chewing and swallowing
- It is very closely associated to the TMJs, jaw function and with how the teeth fit together
- The nerve most studied by Dentists during their education
- Research has shown a direct correlation of migraines and the activation of the Trigemino-vascular System
Function of Tympanic Membrane
(Eardrum-A thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear
A thin membrane separating the middle ear from the inner part of the external auditory canal that VIBRATES in response to sound energy and transmits resulting mechanical vibrations to the structures of the middle ear
Function of Schwann Cells
The Schwann Cell produces the myelin sheath
Function: To repair and regenerate damaged nerves
CHO stored in liver in which form?
(CARBOHYDRATES (CHO) are the main fuel source. Carbohydrates are simply sugars, made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) molecules
CHO gets stored in the liver in a special form called GLYCOGEN
