cardiovascular study guide 2 Flashcards
Drains Axillary Artery
Subclavian
Drains External Jugular Veins
Subclavian
Drains Radial Vein
Axillary Vein
Drains Superior Vena CAva
Right Atrium
Origin of Brachiocephalic Artery
Aortic Arch
Origin of Celiac Trunk
Abdominal Aorta
Origin of Internal Carotid Artery
Common Carotid Artery
Origin of Radial Artery
Bifurcation of the Brachial
vessels with the lowest resistance
Veins
The only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Arteries
The only veins to carry oxygenated blood
Pulmonary Veins
Facts about Capillaries:
- They are transparent
- One cell layer thick-Tunica Interna
- They connect arteries to veins
- Capillaries do not function on their own
(they form capillary beds)
3 Types of Capillaries
- CONTINUOUS-Unitrerupted lining
- FENESTRATED-Have (windows) pores
in the endothelial cells - SINUSOIDAL-Special type of
fenestrated capillaries with larger
openings in the endothelial
Blood Pressure Facts:
Systole-Higher number on top (when heart beats)
Diastole-Lower number on bottom (when heart relaxes)
Normal blood pressure 120/80
Called the “resistance vessel” it regulates the arterial blood pressure
Arterioles
Facts about Arteries:
Thicker than Veins
Retain cylindrical shape
More resillient when stretched
3 Types of Blood Vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Functions of Tunics of Arteries:
- Tunica Intima-Cells form slick layer thad reduces friction
- Tunica Media-Muscle cells are in spiral formation to help contact + dilate to maintain blood pressure
- Tunica Adventitia (Tunica Externa)-Anchors + protect blood vessels + supplies blood vessels itself with blood
Functions of Valves of Heart:
To prevent the backflow of blood into the heart during the period of time where the heart doesn’t beat + to Segment the heart into chambers
Factors That Influence Heart Rate
- Body Temperature(if body temp. changes so does heart rate)
- Eating (heart rate increases to aid digestion)
- Exercise
- Age (decreases as you age)
- Gender (women have higher heart rate than men)
- Caffeine + Other Drugs
(caffeine-raises it + some meds lower it)
Factors That Influence Blood Pressure
- Age (high or low)
- Medications
- Health Conditions
- Tobacco Use (high)
- Pregnancy (high)
Functions of Various parts of Conduction of Heart:
Conduction starts at pacemaker region-Sinoatrial Node (SA Node).
From here conduction passes to Atrioventricular Node (AV Node).
From here stimulation passes through bundle of HIS which carries conduction to the Septum where 2 bundle branches pick it up. These branches carry the conduction the base of the septum where they separate into the Perkinje Fibers.
These fibers carry the conduction all around the heart.
What is blood cell formation called
Hematopoiesis
Blood Cell Formation is:
The continuous process by which blood cells are replenished as needed. Cells divided into 3 groups RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Thrombocytes). Blood cells do NOT originate in bloodstream but in marrow of certain bones.
Branches of Abdominal Aorta
Portion of Aorta which descends into abdominal cavity
Branches
1. Visceral-Supply organs in abdomen, renals, testicles + ovaries
- Parietal-supply diaphragm from below + posterior abdominal walls
- Terminal-supply organs of the pelvis, pelvic wall, and the paired common illiacs-supply to lower extremities
A contractile protein of high molecular weight that is important in maintaining cell shape. A component in the membrane of RBCs that give cells flexibility
Spectrin
What are the parts of Pulmonary Circulation
System of blood vessels that carries blood from Left Ventricle to lungs + back to Left Atrium.
The heart pumps blood from Right Ventricle into a short vessel-Pulmonary Trunk.
The Pulmonary Trunk branches into Right + Left Pulmonary Arteries, one transporting blood to each lung.
In lungs-gas exchange occurs between the air in lungs + blood.
Two Pulmonary veins exit each lung + enter the left Atrium.
Blood Pressure in Arteries, Veins + Capillaries
Pressure in large arteries near heart is higher + continues to drop throughout the pathway of those arteries further away from heart. It reaches 0 or negative pressure at the Vena Cava
Arteries have higher pressure than in veins
Comparison of chest pain
(Heart pain vs. Pleurisy)
CHEST PAIN Cause of pain may be unknown May be caused from trauma May resolve with ice/ warm compress May take Anti Inflammatory Meds
PLEURISY-Inflammation of pleura (lining of pleural cavity surrounding lungs)
Lungs slide along chest wall when deep breath taken
Most common cause-Viral Infections
Severe sharp pains in chest with Inhalation
Pain worsens with deep breaths, cough, sneeze, laughing
Pain may stay in one place or spread to shoulder or back
Rapid shallow breath
Ventricular Tachycardia
Shortness of Breath
Fatigue, Anxiety
Pain in arms neck, jaw
Duration of Pain may vary
Usually treated with Anti Inflammatory or
Fluid may be drawn
Stem cell in Blood Cell Formation
All formed element of the blood are derived from a single population of stem cells called hemocytoblasts located in red bone marrow
HEMATOCYTOBLASTS-precursor cells capable of dividing into daughter cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells
PROERYTHROBLASTS-from which RBCs develop
MYELOBLASTS-from which Basophils, Eosinophils, + Neutrophils develop
LYMPHOBLASTS-Lymphocytes develop
MONOBLASTS-Monocytes develop
MEGAKARYOCYTES- Platelets develop
Development of cell lines regulated by GROWTH FACTORS
Structure of Heart Walls
- Epicardium-Visceral pericardium
covers hearts outer surface - Myocardium-Muscular wall (bulk of heart)
- Epithelium-cover inner surface of heart including valves
what is Visceral Layer
The visceral layer is next to heart (Epicardium)
Usually thin + delicate
Characteristics of Pericardial Cavity
Is an anatomical space located between the outside surface of the heart and the pericardium of heart. It is filled with pericardial fluid- (serves as a shock absorber to reduce friction between pericardial membrane)
Facts about Left Subclavian Artery
Large vessel that supplies oxygen rich blood to chest + upper limbs
It is located under the clavicles
Left side branches directly off Aortic Arch
It is divided into 3 parts
Supplies the vertebral column, spinal cord, ear, and brain
2nd short part lies dorsal to Scalenus Anterior and forms arch described by vessel
3rd part runs from Scaleunu Anterior to 1st rib, where it becomes the Axillary Artery
