bones and muscles 5 Flashcards
Parietal bones joined by ________________
Sagittal sutures
That connect to frontal bones by coronal sutures
Major Function and Characteristics of Bone
Mineral Components @ collagen fibers lend flexible strength.
Bone Cells are Categorized:
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Bones grow in size by ________________
Appositional Growth
The pontential shape and size of a bone and individuals final adult height are determined ____________________
Genetically
Factors such as nutrition and hormones can modify these genetic factors
___________are important to bone growth.
Vitamins
Vitamin D is important for
Absorption of Calcium
Vitamin C is necessary for
Collagen Synthesis
Hormones are important in bone_________
Growth
Sex____________also influence bone growth
Hormones
__________and___________stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plate.
Estrogen and Testosterone
Females usually stop growing earlier than males because __________causes quicker closure of the epiphyseal plate.
Estrogen
Men have _________bones than women
Denser
Race affects bone_________
Mass
African Americans and Hispanic have higher bone masses than Caucasian and Asians
Most effective preventative measure against effects of aging on the skeletal system is
Increase in physical activity.
Taking dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Intensive exercise can reverse loss of bone matrix.
With aging new osteons fail to completely fill in spaces produced when older_______ are removed
Osteons
Another name for skullcap
Calvaria
Muscles that move a structure
Agonists
Muscles that oppose movement of a structure
Antagonists
Muscles that stabalize structures
Synergists
What type of cartilage is associated with bone
Hyaline Cartilage
Precursor for most bones in the body
Bonej lengthening and bone repair often involve the production of ___________cartilage, followed by its replacement of bone
Hyaline
Facts about the Perichondrium
- It is a double layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage.
- The out layer is dense, irregular connective tissue containing fibroblasts. Blood vessels and nerves penetrate the outer layer of the perichondrium but do not enter the cartilage matrix.
- The inner layer-more delicate. Has fewer fibers and contains chondroblasts.
_______________cartilage has no pericardium blood vessels, or nerves.
Articular