HIV Flashcards
mechanism of HIV
a virus which parasitically attacks CD4 T-cells of the immune system from within.
definition of AIDS
syndrome in which pt is HIV (+) and has either:
1. CD4 T-cell count <200 cells/mL of plasma
or
2. an AIDS-defining illness
tx for HIV
“HAART” highly active antiretroviral therapy is a combination of 3-4 drugs initiated once CD4 T-cell count drops below 500 cells/mL plasma
does NOT cure pt or inhibit transmission to another individual
must use combo d/t drug resistance
retroviruses lack what?
machinery for self-replication; therefore, they use our DNA/RNA material, making them obligate intracellular parasites
types of HIV
HIV-1 found worldwide
HIV-2 common in West Africa
two reasons HIV replication is massive during initial infection phase
- CD4 T-cell population still intact
2. host hasn’t yet mounted an immune response
sx of acute retroviral syndrome
fever, rash, lymphedema, myalgia, HA
typically asymptomatic for avg of 10 yrs
NRTIs
meds for HIV tx which interfere w/HIV DNA replication
emtricitabine
tenovir
NNRTIs
efavirenz
rilpivirine
INSTI
HIV enzyme inhibitor which blocks HIV from integrating HIV’s DNA to human DNA
elvitegravir
emtricitabine/tenovir tx
backbone of other HIV tx
common: N/D, rash, dyslipidemia, fat redistribution, osteoporosis
rare: acute renal failure, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis
BBW 1: fatty liver dz that manifests as lactic acidosis
BBW 2: hep B exacerbation; test b4 initiating tx
efavirenz
HIV NNRTI
self-resolving skin rash
CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation
taken at night on empty stomach to reduce CNS effects
rilpivirine
HIV NNRTI
depression, dizziness (less serious than efavirenz)
prolonged QT interval
take w/food
elvitegravir/cobicistat
HIV INSTI/CYP inhibitor
take w/food
D/N
CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation
