Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 409 Pharmacotherapeutics > Drugs and Classes (Including Pharm I) > Flashcards

Drugs and Classes (Including Pharm I) Flashcards

1
Q

verapamil

A

calcium channel blocker - decrease BP, HR
HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, CCBS: peripheral edema, constipation, bradycardia, syncope
avoid: grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

venlafaxine

A

anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

SNRI 5 s’s plus HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

vasopressin

A

diabetes insipidus - IV only, vasoconstriction

headache, chest pain d/t vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

varenicline

A

nicotine cessation - partial agonist at nicotinic receptors to reduce reward of nicotine
N (common), suicidal ideation (rare)!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

valproic acid

A

anti-epileptic, take w/food

GI, hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

Parkinson’s 2nd line of defense

anticholinergic, sedative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trazodone

A

misc anti-depressant for insomnia

anticholinergic, sedative, “trazerect”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tranylcypromine

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tiotropium

A

long-acting anticholinergic mainly for COPD

dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

timolol

A

glaucoma beta-adrenergic blockerbradychardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction
contraindicated for pts w/CV dz and/or asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sumatriptan

A

migraine abortive, serotonin 1B/1D vasoconstrictor
chest pain, arm heavy
avoid: other ergot alkaloids (migraine meds), antidepressants
contraindicated for pt w/hx CV dz d/t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spironolactone

A

diuretic
increases potassium levels–>hyperkalemia: arrhythmias, fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V
may cause endocrine issues
avoid: K rich foods, salt substitutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

combined w/activated charcoal and IV fluids to combat aspirin toxicity
tx for hyperkalemia makes K+–>cell
increases blood pH (more basic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

simvastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sertraline

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

selegiline transdermal

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

selegiline

A

Parkinson’s MAO-B inhibitor

avoid tyramine, antidepressants, meperidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

salmeterol

A

long term beta2 agonist COPD meds

tachycardia, tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rosuvastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

risperidone

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s
metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

propranolol

A

β1, β2 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts
bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction!
HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

promethazine

A

antihistamine/antiemetic, 1st gen H1 blocker, D2 block, α1 block
sedation, anticholinergic, EPS, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
do NOT give to children<2yo
infiltration causes gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pregabalin

A

technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

prednisone

A

oral glucocorticoid
CUSHINGOID
adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
prednisolone
oral glucocorticoid CUSHINGOID adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN
26
phenytoin
anti-epileptic NTI: 10-20 gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism vitamin, D and K interference IV infiltration causes purple glove syndrome
27
phenelzine
anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A) HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds
28
paroxetine
SSRI anti-depressant | stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating
29
oxycodone w/acetaminophen
opioid respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos
30
olanzapine
SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer's metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER
31
nortriptyline
TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN contraindicated for pt's w/CV dz, seizures
32
norepinephrine
adrenergic agonist necrosis, tachycardia, HTN short half life monitor urine output, extremity perfusion
33
nitroprusside
HTN crisis - drastic drop in BP must be protected from light may cause cyanide poisoning
34
nitroglycerin
anti-angina - widespread vasodilation at onset headache (common), orthostatic hypoTN, reflex tachycardia, tolerance-->rest period needed 3 pill max, 5min b/w each avoid: erectile dysfunction meds
35
nifedipine
calcium channel blocker - decrease BP HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, syncope avoid: grapefruit juice
36
niacin/nicotinic acid
``` vitamin B3 (meat) - increases HDL, decreases LDL intense flushing of the face, GI issues may take aspirin 30min prior to admin ```
37
naproxen
NSAID | GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke
38
naltrexone
alcohol abstinence - opioid agonist | reduces cravings, buzz
39
naloxone
strong opioid antagonist for opioid OD | decreases cravings and pleasure associated w/ETOH ingestion
40
morphine
opioid respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos
41
mometasone
nasal glucocorticoid 1 wk onset drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis
42
methylprednisolone
oral glucocorticoid CUSHINGOID adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN
43
methylphenidate
CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD 5 A's: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants
44
methadone
opioid "substitution" for cessation agonist
45
metaprolol
``` β1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline HOLD if HR<50 do not abruptly discontinue cardioprotection post MI ```
46
meperidine
opioid respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzosup to 48hr use d/t seizures!!!!
47
memantine
Alzheimer's - control glutamate moderate to late stages well-tolerated
48
mannitol
emergency diuretic to reduce intracranial pressure/cerebral edema may cause: heart failure, rebound intracranial pressure, metabolic acidosis, crackles must be kept warm, used with filter d/t crystallization
49
lovastatin
dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL hepatotoxic, myopathic rhabdomyolysis avoid: grapefruit juice
50
losartan
RAAS - angiotensin II antagonist (ARB) | hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema
51
lorazepam
benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory hepatotoxic, addictive avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants
52
loratadine
antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker well-tolerated, longer duration avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
53
lithium
mood stabilizer take w/food to prevent GI upset NTI: <1.5 mEq/Ltoxic at LOW sodium levels or w/strenuous exercise toxic signs ACNE: ataxia, coarse tremors, moderate N/V/D, ears ringing "tinnitus" common side effects: fine hand tremors, mild N/D, polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain
54
lisinopril
RAAS - ACE inhibitor hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough cardioprotection
55
lisdexamfetamine
CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD 5 A's: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia avoid ETOH, CNS stimulants
56
lidocaine/prilocaine topical
local anesthetic | 1h onset
57
lidocaine/epinephrine
local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor epinephrine extends duration avoid: phalanges, nose, "hose" systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma
58
lidocaine
local anesthetic w/ short duration | systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma
59
levothyroxine
synthetic T4 for hypothyroidism increased HR and BP, insomnia (best taken AM), anxiety, weight loss, diaphoresis NTI
60
levodopa/carbidopa
Parkinson's most effective; carbodopa increases levodopa efficacy avoid: protein, B6, pyridoxine
61
levetiracetam
anti-epileptic | less side effects than other antiepileptics
62
levalbuterol
short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma/COPD | tachycardia, tremors
63
latanoprost
glaucoma, prostaglandin analog limited systemic effects increased pigmentation of iris and/or eyelids
64
lamotrigine
anti-epileptic "Stevens-Johnson" rash "low and slow" dosage required
65
labetalol
β1, β2, and α1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts, vasodilates bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz do not abruptly discontinue cardioprotection post MI
66
ketorolac
NSAID - pain relief similar to morphine 5 day maximum rx; if longer --> GI ulcer/renal impairment increased risk of heart attack and stroke
67
isosorbide
anti-angina - prophylactic widespread vasodilation headache (common), orthostatic hypoTN, reflex tachycardia, tolerance-->rest period needed avoid: crushing med, erectile dysfunction meds
68
isocarboxazid
anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A) HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds
69
ipatropium
short term anticholinergic mainly for COPD | dry mouth
70
ibuprofen
NSAID | GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke
71
hydroxyzine
antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
72
hydromorphone
opioid respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos
73
hydrocodone w/acetaminophen
opioid respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos
74
hydrochlorothiazide
diuretic, 1st drug of choice for HTN | hypokalemia: fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V
75
haloperidol
FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles
76
gabapentin
technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain | sedation, ataxia
77
furosemide
diuretic for edema or heart failure (too strong for HTN) hypokalemia: fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V tinnitus
78
formeterol
long term beta2 agonist COPD meds | tachycardia, tremors
79
fluticasone
nasal glucocorticoid, asthma/COPD 1 wk onset drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis if nasal dry mouth, oral candidiasis if inhaled
80
fluoxetine
SSRI anti-depressant stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, NOT sedating (only SSRI that's activating!!)
81
flumenazil
antidote for benzodiazepine OD
82
fexofenadine
antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker well-tolerated, longer duration avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants least sedative 2nd gen
83
fentanyl
opioid - strongest respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos patch changed q72h
84
escitalopram
SSRI anti-depressant | stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating
85
epinephrine
adrenergic agonist, combined w/local anesthetic increases HR, BP, contractile force, bronchodilates, vasoconstricts effects last 10-20mins monitor urine output, extremity perfusion
86
enalapril
RAAS - ACE inhibitor hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough cardioprotection
87
duloxetine
anti-depressant, neuropathic pain | SNRI 5 s's plus HTN
88
dopamine
adrenergic agonist necrosis, tachycardia, HTN monitor urine output, extremity perfusion
89
donepezil
Alzheimer's - increases acetylcholine | GI (common), bradychardia (rare), hypoTN
90
dobutamine
adrenergic agonist necrosis, tachycardia, HTN increased cardiac workload monitor urine output, extremity perfusion
91
disulfiram
alcohol abstinence "makes you want to DIE" w/any ETOH consumption: N/V, hypoTN, diaphoresis, headache, palpitations contraindicated for CV pts d/t palpitations
92
diphenhydramine
antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker sedation, anticholinergic avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
93
diltiazem
calcium channel blocker - decrease BP, HR HTN, angina pectoris, CCBS: peripheral edema, bradycardia, syncope avoid: grapefruit juice
94
digoxin
afib, heart failure - lower HR, increased contractile force bradycardia, disrhythmias HOLD if HR<60 toxicity: (early) N/V/anorexia, (late) yellow/halo vision, bradydysrhythmias, altered mental status, syncope avoid: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, antacids must maintain nml K levels hold if apical HR<60
95
diazepam
benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, antispasmotic , alcohol cessation may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory hepatotoxic, addictive avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants
96
dexamethasone
IV glucocorticoid CUSHINGOID adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN
97
desmopressin
diabetes insipidus PO, intranasal, IV | headache d/t overhydration
98
desloratadine
antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker well-tolerated, longer duration avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
99
dantrolene
antispasmodic, malignant hyperthermia antidote muscle weaken by decrease Ca2+ hepatotoxicity
100
cyclobenzaprine
antispasmodic
101
codeine
weakest opioid, cough suppressant respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress do not give if RR<12 avoid: ETOH, benzos
102
clozapine
SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors, 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer's metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER agranulocytosis
103
clonidine
anti-HTN drowsiness, dry mouth avoid: other CNS depressants
104
clonazepam
benzodiazepine anti-anxiety may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory hepatotoxic, addictive avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants
105
chlorpromazine
FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles
106
chlordiazepoxide
benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory hepatotoxic, addictive avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants
107
cetirizine
antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker well-tolerated, longer duration avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
108
celecoxib
NSAID - COX 2 inhibitor only | extremely increased risk of heart attack and stroke
109
carvedilol
β1, β2, and α1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts, vasodilates bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz do not abruptly discontinue cardioprotection post MI
110
carbamazepine
anti-epileptic, neuropathic pain, mood stabilizer bone marrow suppressor (RBC, WBC, platelets decreased), steven johnsons rash interactions: warfarin, grapefruit juice, oral contraceptives
111
captopril
RAAS - ACE inhibitor hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough, neutropenia cardioprotection
112
buspirone
slow onset anti-anxiety 5HT/DA no abuse potential, not CNS depressant, no w/drawal avoid: grapefruit d/t CYP inducer-->toxicity
113
bupropion
misc anti-depressant for nicotine cessation - inhibits reuptake of DA, NE increased libido, weight loss, anxiety, insomnia contraindication for epileptic pts
114
buprenorphine
opioid "substitution" for cessation partial agonist
115
brimonidine
glaucoma, alpha-adrenergic agonist | hypotension, drowsiness d/t cross BBB
116
benztropine
Parkinson's 2nd line of defense | anticholinergic, sedative
117
beclomethasone
inhaled glucocorticoid for asthma/COPD | oral candidiasis
118
baclofen
antispasmodic | do not abruptly stop! -->hallucination, seizure
119
atorvastatin
dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL hepatotoxic, myopathic rhabdomyolysis avoid: grapefruit juice
120
atomoxetine
CNS stimulant - increases NE only, ADHD low abuse potential: mainly used for pts w/hx drug abuse increased risk of suicide, weight loss, hepatotoxic
121
atenolol
``` β1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline HOLD if HR<50 do not abruptly discontinue cardioprotection post MI ```
122
aspirin
NSAID GI, renal impairment DECREASED risk of heart attack and stroke d/t decreased platelet aggregation antiplatelet occurs at low dose, lasts 8 days contraindicated for children! except w/Kawasaki dz toxicity: tinnitus, diaphoresis, headache, acidic blood-->Kussmal resp sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena avoid: herbals "g"
123
aripripazole
SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer's metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER
124
amphetamine/dextramphetamine
CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD 5 A's: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants
125
amlodipine
calcium channel blocker - decrease BP HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, syncope avoid: grapefruit juice
126
amitriptyline
TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN contraindicated for pt's w/CV dz, seizuresblue urine
127
amiodarone
cardiac dysrhythmias baseline testing needed dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, photosensitivity, visual disturbances
128
alprazolam
benzodiazepine anti-anxiety may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory hepatotoxic, addictive avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants
129
albuterol
short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma | tachycardia, tremors
130
adenosine
IV push anti-dysrhythmic stops the heart short half life resuscitation equipment on hand avoid: caffeine
131
activated charcoal
``` drug overdose lipid soluble meds best absorbed don't give w/milk products may give prophylactic antinausea med pt must be awake/alert to avoid aspiration ```
132
acetylcysteine
antidote for acetaminophen OD - replaces glutathione
133
acetaminophen
similar to NSAID - fever, pain reduced only3-4g daily maximum dose hepatotoxic
134
clopidogrel
antiplatelet aggregation GI, sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena avoid: herbals "g"
135
heparin
rapid acting, short half-life anticoagulant requires close monitoring of PTT: nml = 40sec, therapeutic = 60-80sec sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena avoid: herbals "g" antidote: protamine
136
enoxaparin
rapid acting, longer half-life anticoagulant less monitoring needed must inject in subcutaneous "love handles", don't twist cap/aspirate, leave air bubble in syringe must take at same time daily sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena avoid: herbals "g" antidote: protamine
137
warfarin
5 day delayed onset must monitor PT/INR: nml = 1, therapeutic = 2-3, mechanical heart valves = 3-4.5 must maintain vitamin K levels (leafy greens, mayo) avoid: herbals "g" antidote: vitamin K
138
protamine sulfate
antidote for heparin, enoxaparin anticoagulants
139
epoeitin alpha
anti-anemia - synthetic erythropoeitin | HTN, risk CV events, tumor progression
140
darbepoetin alpha
long acting anti-anemia - synthetic erythropoeitin | HTN, risk CV events, tumor progression
141
ferrous sulfate
``` iron deficient anemia take b/w meals w/OJ to increase absorption nausea, constipation, dark green/melena liquid form stains teeth avoid: antacid, dairy, caffeine ```
142
iron dextran
iron deficient anemia | avoid: antacid, dairy, caffeine
143
cyanocobalamin
deficient anemia - vitamin B12 | hypokalemia
144
blood
acute hemolytic rxn d/t ABO incompatability sx occu w/in 20mins: chills, fever, tachycardia, lower back pain, hematuria stop transfusion STAT
145
metformin
``` biguanide type II diabetes anorexia, N/V/D, flatulence, vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency lactic acidosis - rare need CBC q3months, monitor kidneys avoid: excess ETOH d/t lactic acidosis ```
146
glipizide
sulfonylurea type II diabetic hypoglycemia, weight gain take w/breakfast avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn
147
glyburide
sulfonylurea type II diabetic hypoglycemia, weight gain take w/breakfast avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn
148
glimepiride
sulfonylurea type II diabetic hypoglycemia, weight gain take w/breakfast avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn
149
insulin
diabetes hypoglycemia increased affect w/sulfonylreas, beta blockers, ETOH counteracted w/thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids may tx hyperkalemia
150
omeprazole
``` proton pump inhibitor slow onset, short half-life rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia don't crush/chew; take before breakfast ```
151
esomeprazole
``` proton pump inhibitor slow onset, short half-life rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia don't crush/chew; take before breakfast ```
152
pantoprazole
``` proton pump inhibitor slow onset, short half-life rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia don't crush/chew; take before breakfast ```
153
lansoprazole
``` proton pump inhibitor slow onset, short half-life rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia don't crush/chew; take before breakfast ```
154
ranitidine
``` H2 blocker - stomach diminished effect over time rebound sx if abruptly stopped confusion w/poor renal function avoid: antacid w/in 1h ```
155
cimetidine
H2 blocker - stomach diminished effect over time rebound sx if abruptly stopped confusion w/poor renal functionavoid: antacid w/in 1h
156
famotidine
``` H2 blocker - stomach diminished effect over time robound sx if abruptly stopped confusion w/poor renal function avoid: antacid w/in 1h ```
157
ondansetron
``` antiemetic blocks 5HT3 (no effect on anxiety etc) "clean" headache, D/constipation, dizziness, prolonged QT interval-->torsades-->vFib best if administered prophylactically ```
158
metoclopramide
antiemetic blocks D2, 5HT3 and promotes gastric motility EPS, drowsiness do NOT take >3months
159
docusate sodium
stool softener | useful for: prophylactic, painful elimination, prevention of straining
160
polyethylene glycol
``` osmotic laxative BM in 2-4 days well-tolerated mix in 4-8 ounces of any fluid dehydration ```
161
bisacodyl
stimulant (irritant) BM in 12h PO, 1h PO very STRONG, very harsh
162
lactulose
osmotic helps intestines excrete ammonia expensive, flatulence, cramping, dehydration
163
alteplase
anticoagulant - dissolves clots used for MI, stroke, central line clot huge risk of bleeding
164
sucralfate
coats stomach up to 6h take before meals and 1h b/w other meds constipation
165
polyethylene glycol 3350 w/electrolytes
osmotic (pulls water) used for bowel surgery or colonoscopy massive diarrhea, dehydration pts must drink 1 gallon, may mix w/clear flavoring
166
filgrastim
stimulates bone marrow to produce neutrophils reduced risk of infection bone pain (common), leukocytosis
167
potassium chloride
potassium supplement
168
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
laxative tx for hyperkalemia
169
oxybutynin
overactive bladder - blocks M3 receptors anticholinergic tachycardia contraindicated in pts w/glaucoma and myasthenia gravis
170
ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
``` oral contraceptive thick mucus 1 wk rest period w/placebo DVT, PE, MI, stroke increased breast tumor progression avoid: st. john's wort, antiseizure, certain abx ```
171
norethindrone
oral contraceptive doesn't stop ovulation no rest period slightly lessened risk of DVT, PE, MI, stroke avoid: st. john's wort, antiseizure, certain abx increased breast tumor progression
172
tamsulosin
selective BPH alpha 1 blocker | abnl ejaculation
173
doxazosin
nonselective BPH alpha 1 blocker | hypoTN, dizziness, nasal congestion, sleepiness
174
finasteride
BPH 5 alpha reductase inhibitor teratogenic decreased libido, abnl ejaculation falsely decrease PSA levels
175
dutasteride
BPH 5 alpha reductase inhibitor teratogenic decreased libido, abnl ejaculation falsely decrease PSA levels
176
sildenafil
PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary HTN hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers
177
tadalafil
PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, BPH hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss lasts 36h avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers
178
vardenafil
PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers
179
oxytocin
``` increases strength, frequency, and length of contractions (induce labor) use pump and monitor closely STOP if: resting uterine pressure>15-20mmHg contraction duration>1min contraction freq<2-3min pronounced alteration of FHR or rhythm ```
180
methylergonovine
controls postpartum bleeding and causes POWERFUL contractions high risk of HTN
181
terbutaline
suppresses preterm labor by activating beta2 uterine receptors to relax uterus tachycardia, hypoTN, pulm edema, hyperglycemia
182
magnesium sulfate
used for preeclampsia (prevent seizures) NTI toxicity: RR<12, loss of DTR, hypoTN, decreased urinary output antidote: calcium gluconate
183
calcium gluconate
antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity
184
amoxicillin
beta lactam abx allergic rxn: rash to anaphylaxis w/in 30min cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins
185
cephalexin
beta lactam abx allergic rxn: rash to anaphylaxis w/in 30min C.diff superinfection: watery diarrhea tx w/metronidazole or vancomycin
186
imipenem
beta lactam abx
187
metronidazole
abx antidote for cephalosporin C.diff superinfection
188
vancomycin
abx antidote for cephalosporin C.diff superinfection | PO stays in GI tract d/t size
189
tetracycline
``` tetracycline protein synth inhibitor abx esophageal ulcer - avoid taking hs food interactions - milk, Ca2+, Mg, Fe, antacids teeth discoloration <8yo photosensitivity ```
190
erythromycin
macrolide protein synth inhibitor abx | metallic taste, prolonged QT intervals
191
azithromycin
macrolide protein synth inhibitor abx | metallic taste, prolonged QT intervals
192
gentamycin
aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx | nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together
193
neomycin
aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx | nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together
194
amikacin
aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx | nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together
195
tobramycin
aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx | nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together
196
streptomycin
aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abxnephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together
197
cipofloxacin
fluoroquinolone abx - UTI, traveller's diarrhea, anthrax achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron
198
levofloxacin
fluoroquinolone abx achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron
199
moxifloxacin
fluoroquinolone abx achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron
200
norfloxacin
fluoroquinolone abx achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron
201
ofloxacin
fluoroquinolone abx achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron
202
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
UTI - blocks bacterial folic acid creation at two different points in the pathway hypersensitivity, crystalluria (drink 8+glasses H20), kernicterus contraindicated in pregnant women and infants<2months
203
nitrofurantoin
UTI - destroys bacterial DNA brown urine, GI - take w/food, (rare) peripheral neuropathy contraindicated in pt's w/renal impairment
204
phenazopyridine
UTI - analgesic to bladder mucosa orange-red urine GI - take w/food
205
isoniazid
TB peripheral neuropathy antidote: vitamin B6
206
pyrazinamide
TB requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs hepatotoxicity numerous CYP interactions
207
ethambutol
``` TB requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs hepatotoxicity numerous CYP interactions red-green color blindness ```
208
rifampin
``` TB requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs hepatotoxicity numerous CYP interactions red-orange secretions ```
209
vitamin B6
antidote for isoniazid peripheral neuropathy
210
ketocanazole
antifungal, well-tolerated | hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions
211
fluconazole
antifungal, well-tolerated | hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions
212
micoconazole
antifungal, well-tolerated | hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions
213
amphotericin B
``` antifungal phlebitis nephrotoxic hypokalemia - pump ONLY anemia infusion rxn: fever, chills, rigors, HA tx: acetaminophen w/benadryl, or dantrolene avoid: NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, diuretics ```
214
acyclovir
HSV/herpes zoster antifungal HA, N/V, phlebitis (common) crystal urea, altered mental status (rare) pt must drink H2O
215
valacyclovir
``` HSV/herpes zoster antifungal prodrug w/increased absorption HA, N/V, phlebitis (common) crystal urea, altered mental status (rare) pt must drink H2O ```
216
oseltamivir
flu, well-tolerated N/V take w/in 48h to decrease duration of sx
217
methotrexate
``` rheumatoid arthritis - folic acid inhibitor N/D (common), GI ulcer decreased bone barrow production pneumonitis hepatotoxic renal failure infection severe rash ```
218
hydroxychloroquine
``` rheumatoid arthritis, malaria better tolerated, less effective usually combined w.methotrexate take w/food retinal damage ```
219
infliximab
rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker common: injection site rxn, infections rare: severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer
220
adalimumab
rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker common: injection site rxn, infections rare: severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer
221
etanercept
rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker common: injection site rxn, infections rare: severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer
222
allopurinol
prevention and tx gout, full effect in 1-2mo | effective if uric acid <6mg/mL
223
colchicine
prevention and tx gout diarrhea (common) myopathy, bone marrow supression
224
alendronate
osteoporosis bisphosphonate take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw
225
ibandronate
osteoporosis bisphosphonate take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw
226
risedronate
osteoporosis bisphosphonate take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw
227
raloxifene
osteoporosis - mimics bone estrogen hot flashes, leg cramp, edema, weight gain, thromboembolism, stroke decreased cancer risk
228
cycophosphamide
``` CA - cytotoxic agent tx wide variety of CA bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia damage to bladder mucosa-->hemorrhagic cystitis antidote: 3L fluid daily, mesna ```
229
cisplatin
CA - cytotoxic agent derived from platinum bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia nephrotoxic, ototoxic
230
methotrexate (CA)
``` CA - cytotoxic agent MASSIVE dose bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia nephrotoxic antidote for healthy cells: leucovorin ```
231
doxorubicin
``` CA - cytotoxic agent bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia bright red-->turns urine and sweat red cardiotoxic-->dysrhythmias max dose: 550mg/m2 ```
232
vincristine
CA - cytotoxic agent | nerve damage-->neuropathy, decreased DTR, constipation, urinary hesitancy
233
tamoxifen
hormonal agent - blocks estrogen receptors for breast CA hot flashes, endometrial CA, blood clots increases bone density, improves cholesterol
234
leuprolide
hormonal agent - decreased production of testosterone for prostate CA decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, reduced muscle mass, hot flashes alternative to castration
235
leucovorin
antidote for CA dose of methotrexate to salvage healthy cells
236
emtricitabine/tenovir
backbone of other HIV tx common: N/D, rash, dyslipidemia, fat redistribution, osteoporosis rare: acute renal failure, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis BBW 1: fatty liver dz that manifests as lactic acidosis BBW 2: hep B exacerbation; test b4 initiating tx
237
efavirenz
HIV NNRTI self-resolving skin rash CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation taken at night on empty stomach to reduce CNS effects
238
rilpivirine
HIV NNRTI take w/food depression, dizziness (less serious than efavirenz) prolonged QT interval
239
elvitegravir/cobicistat
HIV INSTI/CYP inhibitor take w/food D/N CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation

NUR 409 Pharmacotherapeutics (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions