Anti-diabetics

Question 1

type I diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas
sudden onset, usually diagnosed in childhood
insulin replacement mandatory
greater risk diabetic ketoacidosis; fruity breath

Question 2

type II diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

decreased sensitivity to insulin/decreased insulin secretion
gradual onset, usually diagnosed in adulthood
often tx w/oral diabetic meds
greater risk for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome

Question 3

oral diabetic meds

Answer 3

biguanides
sulfonylureas
meglitinides
thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidese inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitors

Question 4

metformin

Answer 4

biguanide type II diabetes med reduces glucose absorption, liver glucose production, increased insulin sensitivity
anorexia, N/V/D, flatulence, vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency
lactic acidosis - rare (hyperventiation, myalgia, fatigue)
need CBC q3months, monitor kidneys
avoid: excess ETOH d/t lactic acidosis

Question 5

sulfonylureas

Answer 5

glipizide
glyburide
glimepiride

jolt pancrease to release more insulin, causing blood glucose to decrease

Question 6

issues w/sulfonylureas

Answer 6

hypoglycemia
weight gain
avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn