headaches

Question 1

risk factors for migraines

Answer 1

family history

hormones

Question 2

pathology of migraines

Answer 2

primary headache, believed to involve blood vessels

Question 3

how many migraines are preceded by an aura?

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

symptoms of migraines

Answer 4

unilateral pain
phonophobia
photophobia
nausea
aura
motor weakness
affected language
made worse by activity

Question 5

diagnosis of migraine

Answer 5

clinical diagnosis
5 attacks lasting 4-72 hours
must have 2 or more symptoms

Question 6

treatment of migraine

Answer 6

simple painkillers - can advance to triptans

propanolol and amitriptyline for prevention

Question 7

risk factors for tension headache

Answer 7

stress
tension
sleep deprivation

Question 8

symptoms of tension headache

Answer 8

non-pulsating
not made worse by activity
either photophobia or phonophobia
bilateral 
no nausea
may have affected language
lasts 30 minutes to 7 days

Question 9

diagnosis of tension headaches

Answer 9

> 10 attacks a year

Question 10

treatment of tension headaches

Answer 10

paracetamol and ibuprofen

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 11

what is the incidence of cluster headaches?

Answer 11

1/1,000

Question 12

risk factors for cluster headaches

Answer 12

tobacco smoke exposure

family history

Question 13

how long do cluster headaches last?

Answer 13

15 minutes to 3 hours

episodic cluster headaches - >1 cluster headache in 7 days to 1 year separated by at least 1 month
chronic cluster headaches - attacks occur for more than a year with no remission

Question 14

symptoms of cluster headaches

Answer 14

shadow pain prior to attack

recurrent unilateral pain particularly around the eye

Question 15

diagnosis of cluster headaches

Answer 15

at least 5 headache attacks fulfilling criteria

Question 16

treatment for acute attack of cluster headache

Answer 16

SC sumatriptan
nasal zolmitriptan
100% oxygen

Question 17

risk factors for medication overuse headache

Answer 17

frequent use of analgesics

Question 18

pathology of medication overuse headache

Answer 18

overuse of a medication often inappropriately prescribed for headache disorders, leading to chronic headaches and potentially dependence

Question 19

symptoms of medication overuse headache

Answer 19

recurring headache

withdrawal symptoms if no analgesic

Question 20

complications of medication overuse headache

Answer 20

sudden removal of drug can induce seizures and headaches of a greater intensity

Question 21

diagnosis of medication overuse headache

Answer 21

information concerning drug use

headache on more than 15 days/month for more than 3 months

Question 22

treatment of medication overuse headache

Answer 22

gradual decrease in use of specific drug

prophylactic pain relief such as naproxen

Question 23

risk factors for trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 23

> 50
male
Asian
MS

Question 24

pathology of primary trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 24

idiopathic demyelination of Vth nerve

Question 25

symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 25

paroxysms of intense stabbing pain lasting seconds
pain is unilateral
triggered by washing the area, shaving etc…
pain when talking

Question 26

complications of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 26

depression

Question 27

diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 27

MRI to exclude secondary causes

Question 28

treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 28

microvascular decompression (surgery)
treat primary pathology if secondary