chronic kidney disease Flashcards
A summary of CKD.
risk factors for chronic kidney disease
glomerulonephritis
PKD
hypertension
diabetes
normal albumin levels in urine
<3mg/mmol
microalbuminuria
3-30mg/mmol
macroalbuminuria
30-100mg/mmol
glomerular damage - albumin levels in urine
100-300mg/mmol
nephrotic range of albuminuria
> 300mg/mmol
pathology of CKD
gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years
signs of CKD
hypocalcaemia metabolic acidosis hyperkalaemia uraemia hypertension (congestive heart failure) anaemia (failure to produce EPO)
symptoms of CKD
leg swelling lethargy vomiting anorexia confusion
complications of CKD
heart disease
hypertension
anaemia (due to EPO deficiency)
bone disease
why does anaemia occur in CKD?
EPO deficiency
body can’t get rid of pro-inflammatory cytokines –> always in pro-inflammatory state –> body more concerned with making WBCs
diagnosis of CKD
clinical examination and history
urine dipstick test
separate from AKI
ECG can show severe electrolyte imbalance
treatment of chronic kidney disease
dialysis transplant surgery dietary changes blood pressure management cholesterol management
what is a normal GFR?
120 ml/min
