degenerative brain diseases named after people

Question 1

non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s

Answer 1

depression
psychosis (drug induced)
dementia

Question 2

risk factors for Parkinson’s

Answer 2

age

genetics

Question 3

pathology of Parkinson’s

Answer 3

cell death
Lewy body formation
loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra

Question 4

motor symptoms of Parkinson’s

Answer 4

asymmetrical resting tremor (may be stress induced)
stiffness
pain
struggling with walking and dexterous tasks

Question 5

signs due to muscle tone change in Parkinson’s

Answer 5

rigidity
reduced facial expression 
Brady/akinesia
festinating gait
decrease in rhythm and amplitude of repeated movements

Question 6

complications of Parkinson’s

Answer 6

medication tolerance
off/on dyskinesia
freezing
dementia (85% get it after 15 years of PD)

Question 7

diagnosis of Parkinson’s

Answer 7

clinical examination

DaTSCAN

Question 8

treatment of Parkinson’s

Answer 8

L-DOPA
dopamine agonists - promipexole, rotigotine
enzyme inhibitors

Question 9

risk factors for Huntington’s disease

Answer 9

autosomal inheritance

Question 10

pathology of Huntington’s disease

Answer 10

CAG triplet repeat

Question 11

signs of Huntington’s disease

Answer 11

family history
chorea
dementia
psychiatric problems
eyes - problems initiating saccades

Question 12

complications of Huntington’s

Answer 12

heart disease

Question 13

diagnosis of Huntington’s

Answer 13

genetic testing

Question 14

treatment of Huntington’s

Answer 14

tetrabenazine
bilateral stimulation of globus pallidus to treat chorathetosis
SSRIs for depression 
sulpiride for chorea
haloperidol for psychosis
risperidone for aggression

Question 15

risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 15

PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, trisomy 21

Question 16

pathology of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 16

extracellular amyloid plaques

decrease in AB1-42 and increase in T-tau or P-tau in CSF

Question 17

differential diagnoses for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 17

vascular dementia
dementia with Lewy bodies
depressive pseudo-dementia

Question 18

signs of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 18

vague insidious onset
unaware or attempt to hide problems
confusion in evenings
labile mood
semantic language

Question 19

signs of dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 19

Parkinsonism
fluctuations in cognition
visual hallucinations

Question 20

treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 20

acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors - stabilise for 12 months

memantine - anti-glutamate