GP- The State And Globalisation: Globalisation Flashcards
What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the process of increasing interconnectedness between countries and people worldwide. It’s like the backdrop for everything that happens in global politics, affecting how countries interact and make decisions.
What are the three main types of globalisation?
- Political globalisation
- Economic globalisation
- Cultural globalisation
What is political globalisation?
Political globalisation is the trend of countries working together more to address shared challenges. This leads to the creation of international institutions like the UN and agreements on issues like climate change.
How does political globalisation change how countries interact?
It means countries are less focused on just their own issues and more willing to cooperate with others in international organizations and agreements.
What’s an example of political globalisation in action?
Climate change is a prime example. Countries have to work together to address it, leading to agreements like the Paris Treaty and regular meetings like the COP summits.
What is economic globalisation?
Economic globalisation is about countries becoming more connected through trade and economic activities. It involves making trade easier and cheaper, often through agreements that lower taxes on goods between countries.
What are free-trade areas and what’s a key example?
Free-trade areas are designed to reduce barriers to trade between countries. The EU’s single market is a major example, allowing free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between member states.
What are some other examples of trade agreements?
Other examples include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
What is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)?
RCEP, launched in 2022, is currently the world’s largest free-trade area, encompassing members of ASEAN, Japan, China, Australia, and South Korea.
What role do institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank play in economic globalisation?
They promote free markets and establish rules for global trade, further encouraging economic interconnectedness.
What is cultural globalisation?
Cultural globalisation refers to the increasing similarity of cultures worldwide as they interact and exchange ideas, products, and trends.
What are some examples of cultural globalisation?
The global popularity of American brands like McDonald’s and Nike, as well as brands from other countries like Samsung and Gucci, demonstrates this trend.
What are some potential downsides of cultural globalisation?
It can lead to concerns about loss of cultural identity, resistance to outside influences, and even prejudice and intolerance amplified by social media.
How has globalisation challenged state sovereignty?
-Increased travel and migration make borders more open.
-Global issues like climate change require international cooperation.
-Economic globalisation reduces the importance of borders for trade.
-Cultural exchange and the internet can blur cultural boundaries.
-The UN’s Responsibility to Protect principle suggests limits to sovereignty in cases of human rights abuses.
How have states demonstrated resilience against these challenges?
Many countries have tightened immigration policies.
States closed borders during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Countries can still impose trade restrictions, as seen with the US and China.
Some states, like Russia and China, exert strong control over information and cultural influences within their borders.
The Responsibility to Protect principle is often not enforced, as seen in conflicts like Syria.
How much influence do MNCs have in global politics?
MNCs wield significant power due to their economic reach and resources. Companies like Glencore have been involved in corruption scandals, highlighting their influence, while debates around Huawei demonstrate concerns about their potential impact on security and national interests.
Is Cultural Globalisation a Force for Good?
Arguments for:
-Increased cultural diversity and choice.
-A more level playing field for cultural exchange thanks to the internet.
-Global appeal of non-American cultural products like South Korean films.
-Promotion of dialogue on important issues like human rights and LGBTQ+ rights.
Is Cultural Globalisation a Force for Good?
Arguments against:
-Continued dominance of American brands and culture.
-The potential for the internet to reinforce identity politics and cultural isolation.
-Persistent discrimination against LGBTQ+ communities in many parts of the world.
Examples of Cultural Globalisation
-Netflix: Offers diverse content from various countries, reaching a global audience.
-Government initiatives: China’s Confucius Institutes promote Chinese language and culture, while countries have restricted Russian state media due to concerns about propaganda.
Factors Driving Globalisation
-Global capitalism
-Technological advancements
-Migration
-Shared political challenges
Impact of Globalisation on the State System
-Increased interconnectedness, with both benefits (like trade) and drawbacks (like the rapid spread of crises).
-Challenges to state control over citizens, particularly in areas like human rights, where international laws and courts exist but enforcement remains difficult.
Humanitarian and Forcible Intervention
Examples of interventions:
Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, East Timor, Cote d’Ivoire.
Humanitarian and Forcible Intervention
Factors influencing success:
International legitimacy, commitment to rebuilding, sufficient force, and clear objectives.
Humanitarian and Forcible Intervention
Less successful interventions:
Somalia, Afghanistan, and Libya, often due to complex local situations and lack of long-term commitment.
Humanitarian and Forcible Intervention
The UN’s Responsibility to Protect doctrine:
While it provides a framework for intervention in cases of human rights abuses, it’s often not enforced.
Humanitarian and Forcible Intervention
Decline in large-scale interventions:
Due to mixed results in the past and shifting global power dynamics.
