GP- Comparative Theories: Liberalism Flashcards
Liberalism -
A theory of global politics in which states can cooperate effectively with each other and non-state actors to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The encouragement of free trade, liberal democracy and human rights are key elements of liberalism.
Global governance -
Refers to the way in which nation-states cooperate in intergovernmental organs such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. Although nation-states do not surrender sovereignty, they accept that there are advantageous to be had from negotiating mutually beneficial outcomes to collective problems.
What is the liberal view of human nature?
Liberals believe human nature is rational and cooperative, as opposed to aggressive and egotistical.
What is the concept of “complex interdependence” in liberalism?
Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye describe it as a “complex web of interdependence” that creates positive connectivity between states, making conflict unnecessary and irrational.
How do liberals view the role of nation states in international relations?
Liberals do not see nation states as the main players; they favor a polycentric view where states cooperate with each other and non-state actors in regional and global governance institutions.
Why do liberals support institutions like the United Nations and the European Union?
These institutions challenge state egoism by highlighting the mutual benefits of collaboration and fostering cooperation.
How do liberals approach global issues like climate change and poverty reduction?
Liberals believe such issues can only be resolved through cooperation, as collective outcomes benefit states more than pursuing individual interests.
What is the ultimate goal of liberalism in terms of global governance?
Liberals advocate for world government to establish a complete harmony of interests based on mutual respect and cooperation.
What moral purpose does liberalism have that realism lacks?
Liberalism seeks to advance democracy, free trade, and human rights, ensuring peace and dignity for all, based on the belief in natural rights.
How do liberals justify humanitarian interventions?
Liberals believe in a moral obligation “to save strangers,” reflecting their commitment to shared humanity.
What is the socialist perspective on humanity, as mentioned in liberalism?
Karl Marx praised “the brotherhood of man” as a “fact of life,” reflecting an optimistic faith in positive humanity.
What do liberals believe about conflict between nation states?
Conflict is not inevitable because states can rationally choose to cooperate rather than aggressively seek power.
What role do international organizations and the rule of law play in liberalism?
They provide a framework for states to resolve collective dilemmas through cooperation.
Why do liberals support the expansion of human rights, free trade, and liberal democracy?
These principles encourage cooperation and reduce the risk of aggressive actions by nation states.
How do liberals view globalization and regionalism?
They see them as opportunities for states to cooperate with other states and non-state actors, fostering positive connectivity.
