GP- Global Governance: Political & Economic-How does global economic governance deal with poverty?

Question 1

Two Ways to Measure Poverty:

Answer 1

• Orthodox Measurement (The Money Way):
  
  • This is the traditional way to see if a country is doing well. It focuses on how much money a country makes, which is called Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Imagine GDP is like counting all the toys and games a country makes and sells.
  • People who like this way think that if a country’s GDP goes up, it means everyone is getting richer. They believe that if the “toy store” is making lots of money, everyone will have more toys.
  • However, some people say this is too simple. They argue that even if the “toy store” is making a lot, some kids might still not have any toys. Some people might be getting super-rich, while others are still very poor.

Question 2

• Alternative Measurement (The People Way):

Answer 2

• This way looks at how people’s lives are actually going, not just how much money the country makes. It’s like checking if everyone is happy and healthy.
  
  • It checks things like:
    
    • How long people live (life expectancy).
    • If kids can go to school (educational opportunities).
    • If boys and girls are treated equally (gender equality).
    • If people have freedom and rights (protection of civil liberties).
  • The United Nations (UN) has something called the Human Development Index (HDI) that helps measure these things. It’s like a report card for how well a country is taking care of its people.
  • This way cares more about people’s well-being than just how much money a country makes. It’s like saying, “Are the kids happy and healthy?” instead of just, “How many toys do they have?”

Question 3

The North-South Divide:
What it is:

Answer 3

A way of dividing the world into richer countries (the Global North) and poorer countries (the Global South). It’s like dividing the world into two big neighborhoods.
* It came from a report in 1980 called the Brandt Report, which was written by a guy named Willy Brandt.
* What it means:
* Countries in the Global North are usually more developed and have stronger economies. They have lots of factories and businesses.
* Countries in the Global South are usually less developed and rely more on farming. They might not have as many factories or businesses.
* Even though this divide still exists, some countries in the Global South, like China and India, are becoming much more developed. They’re building more factories and businesses.
* Most of the big companies in the world, like the ones that make your favorite video games or snacks, are still based in the Global North.
SDG Progress (Goals Related to Poverty):
* SDG 1 (Reducing Poverty):
* The number of people living in extreme poverty (meaning they have very little money) has gone down a lot since 1990.
* But, most of the world’s poor people still live in Africa and South Asia.

• SDG 2 (Reducing Hunger):
  
  • The number of people who don’t have enough to eat has also gone down.
  • But, there are still millions of people who are hungry, especially in Africa and South Asia.
• SDG 4 (Quality Education):
  
  • The number of children who don’t go to school has been cut in half since 2000.
  • But, conflict (like wars) can keep kids from going to school.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa has made the most progress in getting kids into primary school.

Question 4

Debate: Is There Still a North-South Divide?
* Arguments for “Yes”:

Answer 4

• Most of the big companies that make things you use are in the Global North.
  
  • People in the Global North have better lives in many ways.
  • People in the Global North tend to live longer.
  • People in the Global North have more freedoms and rights.
  • The Global North makes fancy things, and the Global South provides raw materials like wood or metal.
  • There’s more corruption (dishonest behavior) in the Global South.
  • Rich countries in the North give money to poor countries in the South.
  • Poor countries in the South are more affected by climate change.
  • The Global North has more influence on what happens in the world.
  • The best schools and universities are often in the Global North.
  • The Global North has more advanced technology.

Question 5

Debate: Is There Still a North-South Divide?
Arguments for “No”:

Answer 5

• Some countries in the Global South are now developed and rich, like South Korea.
  
  • Some of the biggest economies in the world are in the Global South, like China and India.
  • Some rich countries in the North have problems like poor countries in the South.
  • People in some poor countries in the South live longer than in some rich countries in the North.
  • More and more cool brands, like car brands or music groups, are coming from the Global South.
  • Poor countries in the South are often growing faster than rich countries in the North.
  • Poor countries in the South are becoming more powerful in world affairs.
  • China, a southern country, is investing lots of money in northern countries.
  • Rich countries in the North have their own problems, like political issues.
  • The Global South is becoming more popular in terms of music, movies, and TV shows.

Question 6

Classical Economic Development Theory:
* What it is:
And
* What it says:

Answer 6

• A way of thinking about how countries can become richer. It’s like a recipe for getting rich.
  
  • It’s based on the ideas of famous thinkers like Adam Smith and David Ricardo.
• What it says:
  
  • If countries trade freely with each other, without putting up walls or taxes, everyone will get richer.
  • Every country has something it’s good at making or doing, like having lots of oil or good farmland.
  • Competition makes things cheaper and better for everyone.

Question 7

Classical Economic Development Theory: What it’s also called:

Answer 7

• Economic neo-liberalism, economic globalization, Washington Consensus.

Question 8

Classical Economic Development Theory: Who helps make it happen:

Answer 8

• Organizations like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO.

Question 9

Dependency Theory and World Systems Theory: What they are:

Answer 9

• Ways of thinking about why some countries are rich and others are poor. They’re like different stories about how the world works.
  
  • They’re critical of the classical economic theory. They think it’s not fair.

Question 10

Dependency Theory and World Systems Theory: What they say:

Answer 10

• Rich countries (the “core”) take advantage of poor countries (the “periphery”). It’s like a big kid taking toys from a little kid.
  
  • Poor countries become dependent on rich countries. They rely on them for things they need.
  • This is like a new kind of colonialism, where rich countries control poor countries through money and trade instead of armies