Government H Semester Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
A
Unitary government
2
Q
A loose union of independent states
A
Confederacy
3
Q
Government in which the people rule
A
Democracy
4
Q
System of government in which people elect delegates to make laws
A
Representative democracy
5
Q
Country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide
A
Nation-state
6
Q
Plan that provides the rules for government
A
Constitution
7
Q
Economic system providing free choice and individual incentive
A
Capitalism
8
Q
Economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions
A
Communism
9
Q
Rule by the people
A
Popular sovereignty
10
Q
Trade among the states
A
Interstate commerce
11
Q
Gives Congress the right to make laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers
A
Elastic clause
12
Q
Laws passed by Congress “shall be the Supreme Law of the Land”
A
Supremacy clause
13
Q
System in which powers are divided between national and state governments
A
Federalism
14
Q
When several parties combine forces to obtain a majority, they form one of these
A
Coalition government
15
Q
A party that focuses on overall changes in society
A
Ideological party
16
Q
A party that might fade away after the purpose for forming the political party loses purpose
A
Single-issue party
17
Q
Political party that splits away from a major party because of some disagreement
A
Splinter party
18
Q
All parties currently operating in the US who are not Republican or Democrat
A
Third party
19
Q
Voting district
A
Precinct
20
Q
A large district comprising several adjoining precinct
A
Ward
21
Q
The process of nominating a candidate through a series of meetings
A
Caucus
22
Q
Second primary election between two candidates who received the most votes in the primary election
A
Runoff election
23
Q
Preliminary election to appoint delegates to a conference
A
Primary election
24
Q
Gathering of local and state party members chosen to nominate president and vice president candidates
A
National convention
25
This organization of the 50 state parties runs the party between presidential elections
National comittee
26
List of values and actions which are supported by a political party
Political platform
27
An amendment made these unconstitutional as they forced people to pay a fee in order to vote
Poll tax
28
Duty or obligation
Incumbent
29
Money raised by a political party for general purposes, not designated for candidates
Soft money
30
Person responsible for the overall strategy and planning of a campaign
Campaign manager
31
System where two major political parties dominate political within a government
Two-party system
32
System in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control
Multi-party system
33
Political philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions
Conservative
34
Political philosophy that promotes opening to new opinions and behaviors; willing to disregard traditional social institutions
Liberal
35
Individual who is not extreme, partisan, or radical
Moderate
36
Direct contact made by lobbyists to persuade government officials to support policies
Lobby
37
Domestic advocacy organizations which seek to influence government foreign policy
Foreign-interest group
38
Interest group that advocates for workers and organizations
Labor-interest group
39
Type of economic interest group that promotes corporates and employers
Business-interest group
40
PACs tied to corporations, labor unions, trade groups, and health organizations
Affiliated PACs
41
A PAC that is not affiliated with a labor union or corporation
Independent PAC
42
Prevailing or widespread belief of the majority of people about a candidate
Public opinion
43
Person's attitude whether he or she ca affect politics
Political efficacy
44
Subset of statistical population that reflects members of a population
Representative sample
45
Subset of statistical population where each member has an equal probability of being chosen
Random sampling
46
Technique where entire population is divided and random sampling of a population is selected
Cluster sampling
47
Sample that is unrepresentative of the general population
Biased sample
48
Fallacy in which any evidence that supports an opposing argument is rejected
Stacking the deck
49
Using an expert to sell or support
Testimonial/endorsement
50
Attempt to discredit an idea based upon disfavored people associated with it
Guilt by association
51
Propaganda device that replicates the investment strategies of others who were good
Coat-tailing
52
Propaganda device that uses vague words to invoke powerful emotions
Glittering generalities
53
Unconstitutional to "deprive any citizen the right to vote'
Fifteenth amendment
54
Provided women with the right to vote
Nineteenth amendment
55
Prohibits the federal or state government from imposing poll tax
Twenty-fourth amendment
56
An election where voters of a specific party vote to choose a candidate for the general election
Closed primary
57
Voters from any party may vote in one of these but they are only allowed to vote for the candidates from one party
Open primary
58
By using this, the judicial branch can check the power of the other two branches of government
Judicial review
59
Word meaning “having the right to vote in elections”
Suffrage
60
Section of the Constitution states why it was written
Preamble
61
To be proposed, this requires a 2/3 vote from both houses of congress
Amendment
62
This action between heads of state does not require congressional approval
Executive agreement
63
Business and labor interest groups are concerned with the
Economy
64
Teddy Roosevelt ran for office under the banner of one of these types of parties
Splinter party
65
These entities support candidates who favor their ideas, but they do not nominate candidates
Interest group
66
The Anti-Federalists wanted this written into the constitution itself, but it exists today as a series of amendments
Bill of Rights
67
This term refers to a person’s attitude about whether he or she can affect politics
Political efficacy
68
PACs hire these individuals to speak directly with lawmakers
Lobbyists
69
Electoral college
- The electoral vote is equal to the number of representatives and senators from all the state, plus 3 votes from D.C. - Each state’s electoral vote is equal to the number of representatives and senators from that state - Larger states have more votes so a candidate can win by winning larger states - Winning the 11 largest states would win the election - The candidate who wins the majority of votes in a state wins that state's electoral votes
70
Shay's Rebellion
- Proved that under the Articles of Confederation, the government was too weak with individual states governing themselves - Proved that the Articles of Confederation was ineffective
71
Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation
- Weak central government in which the states retained most of their power - Major flaws: Could not levy taxes or regulate trade, could not force states to obey decisions, could not enforce laws, difficult to amend
72
State that did not send a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
Rhode Island
73
Magna Carta's purpose to the development of the American government
English colonist were influenced by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights providing two important political concepts of limited government and representative government
74
Wrote the original draft of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
75
New Jersey Plan
- Unicameral legislature with one vote per state - Congress impose taxes and regulated trade - Weak executive branch of multiple officials elected by Congress - Executive would appoint a national judiciary
76
Virginia Plan
- Strong national legislature consisting of two houses (lower with official chosen by the people and upper with officials chosen by the lower house) - Strong executive elected by the national legislature - National judiciary appointed by the legislature
77
Connecticut Compromise
Legislative branch consists of two houses: - House of Representatives (state representation based on population; all revenue laws would begin in the hour) - Senate (two members from each state)
78
Why did delegates at the Constitutional Convention compromise on the issue of slavery?
- Slaves were a huge portion of the Southern population, complicating the question of proportional representation - Delegates at the Constitutional Convention eventually reached a compromise to count slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of Congressional representation - To appease Southern slave-holding states, Congress agreed not to ban the importation of slaves until 1808
79
What did the Federalists want at the time of ratification?
- Favored Constitution
- Strong national government
80
What did the Anti-Federalists want at the time of ratification?
Bill of Rights
81
Explanation of how the government works; there are 7
Articles
82
How can decision of the Supreme Court be overturned?
- If the decision is based on a law that Congress has passed, Congress can simply change the law - If the decision is based on the Constitution, the Constitution can be amended - A later Supreme Court can decide that a certain decision was wrong
83
Checks and balances
84
What is necessary for person to become a senator, representative, or president?
Senator: 30 years; citizen for 9 years
Representative: 25 years; citizen for 7 years
President: 35 years; born in the United States
85
Ways an amendment is proposed or passed
- Legislatures passes an act to change the constitution - Proposed amendments appear on the ballot at the next general election - Amendments must be proved by 2/3 majority vote in an election
86
Know the amendments that make up the Bill of Rights
- First Amendment: Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition the government - Second Amendment: Right for the people to keep and bear arms, as well as to maintain a militia - Third Amendment: Protection from quartering of troops - Fourth Amendment: Protection from unreasonable search and seizure - Fifth Amendment: Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, private property - Sixth Amendment: Trial by jury and other rights of the accused - Seventh Amendment: Civil trial by jury - Eighth Amendment: Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment - Ninth Amendment: Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Bill of Rights - Tenth Amendment: Powers of states and people
