AP Biology Chapter 14 Quiz

Question 1

Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self–pollinate

Answer 1

True–breeding

Question 2

In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true–breeding varieties

Answer 2

Hybridization

Question 3

The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for “parental”

Answer 3

P generation

Question 4

The first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses

Answer 4

F1 generation

Question 5

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation

Answer 5

F2 generation

Question 6

Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Answer 6

Alleles

Question 7

An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote

Answer 7

Dominant allele

Question 8

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote

Answer 8

Recessive allele

Question 9

Mendel′s first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates into a different gamete during gamete formation

Answer 9

Law of segregation

Question 10

A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization in genetic crosses

Answer 10

Punnett square

Question 11

Having two identical alleles for a given gene

Answer 11

Homozygous

Question 12

Having two different alleles for a given gene

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

The physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 15

Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring determines the unknown genotype

Answer 15

Testcross

Question 16

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa

Answer 16

Monohybrid

Question 17

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb

Answer 17

Dihybrid

Question 18

Mendel′s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes

Answer 18

Law of independent assortment

Question 19

The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable

Answer 19

Complete dominance

Question 20

The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote

Answer 20

Codominance

Question 21

The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects

Answer 21

Pleiotropy

Question 22

A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited

Answer 22

Epistasis

Question 23

A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either–or fashion

Answer 23

Quantitative character

Question 24

An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character

Answer 24

Polygenic inheritance

Question 25

The range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype, due to environmental influences

Answer 25

Norm of reaction

Question 26

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors

Answer 26

Multifactorial

Question 27

A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations

Answer 27

Pedigree

Question 28

In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus, with one normal allele and one potentially harmful recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypically normal for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the harmful allele to offspring

Answer 28

Carrier

Question 29

A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus

Answer 29

Amniocentesis

Question 30

A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed and analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus

Answer 30

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)