AP US History Unit 5 MCQs

Question 1

Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924?

Answer 1

It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890

• Discriminatory immigration law that restricted the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans
• Practically excluded Asians and other nonwhites (Europeans) from entry into the United States
• Instituted admission quotas by using the 1890 census to determine the population of a particular nationality group
• Government only allowed 2 percent of that population into the nation
• Drastically lowered the annual quota of immigration, from 358,000 to 164,000
• Congress abolished the national origins quota system in the 1960s

Question 2

The works of which of the following were integral to the Harlem Renaissance?

Answer 2

Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes

• African Americans moved to Harlem, New York
• Created a new representation of African American culture
• Claude Mckay captured the rhythm of the time and age through his works of poetry
• Zora Neale Hurston was an anthropologist and folklorist
• Langston Hughes is the most well know writer to come out of the renaissance
• Created Jazz poetry, a form of poetry drawing from African language and jazz rhythms

Question 3

During the 1920’s, both the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected

Answer 3

Public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants

• Prime example of the Red Scare and public fear of immigrants in the 1920s
• Sacco and Vanzetti were Italian anarchist immigrants who were wrongfully accused of robbery and murder
• Although none of the key witness can confirm that Sacco and Vanzetti were actually there when the crime was committed, they were still accused and put to death
• Ku Klux Klan was also another main example of public fear of immigrants
• American terrorist group who sought to preserve white America bringing their message of hate and taught it through violence
• Targets were blacks, Catholics, and any other immigrants
• Displayed America’s fear of communism and foreigners
• Xenophobia state after World War I

Question 4

The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 4

Support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

• During WWI, the government restricted individual civil liberties
• The Espionage and Sedition Acts are prime examples of limitations being placed on individual freedom
• The Espionage Act prohibited anyone from using the U.S. mail system to interfere with the war effort and draft
• The Sedition Act made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or to speak disparagingly of the government, the flag, the military, or the constitution
• Although both laws were unconstitutional and violated the 13th Amendment, they were upheld, most notably, in the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States
• Schenck was a leader of the Socialist movement and opponent of American capitalism and was arrested and convicted for violating the Espionage Act when he printed and mailed leaflets that claimed the draft was unconstitutional and encouraging men to resist it
• Believed that it was in violation of the 13th Amendment that had prohibited “involuntary servitude” because it forced men to serve who did not want to
• Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes ruled that individual liberties are not absolute and that one’s rights can be restricted if they pose a danger to others

Question 5

During the 1930s, Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because

Answer 5

Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies

• Defined by the economic measures introduced by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 in order to counteract the effects of the Great Depression
• Produced a political realignment that created way for Black voters to overwhelmingly switch their support from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party
• Party carried on to hold nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969 with its base in liberal ideas
• Conservatives strongly opposed the New Deal because they believed that it was hindering business and growth, while liberals believed it would produce more efficiency
• Roosevelt appointed more than 100 African Americans to key positions in government, establishing a “Black Cabinet” created to advise the Roosevelt admin on racial issues
• Work Progress Administration and Civilian Conservation Corp relief programs allocated 10% of their budgets to blacks
• Operated separate all-black units with the same pay and conditions as white units

Question 6

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified which of the following?

Answer 6

The right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American countries

• Monroe Doctrine warned European nations from intervening with the western hemisphere particularly the United States
• However the US did not have military power to back up the Monroe Doctrine of 1823
• Document that states that the United States does dominate the western hemisphere and began to protect the interests of North and South America
• Enforced the idea that the Monroe Doctrine is true and the United States can back it up

Question 7

The United States devised the Open Door policy in 1899 in order to

Answer 7

Protect United States economic interests in China

• Aimed to secure international agreement to the U.S. policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China and respect for China’s administrative and territorial integrity
• Great Britain had greater interests in China than any other power and successfully maintained the policy of the open door until the late 19th century
• After the first Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), a scramble for “spheres of influence” in various parts of coastal China began
• Within each of these spheres were claimed exclusive privileges of investment
• It was feared that each would seek to monopolize the trade
• Generally feared that the breakup of China into economic segments dominated by various great powers would lead to complete subjection and the division of the country into colonies

Question 8

The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the

Answer 8

Fear of communism and radicalism

• Series of coordinated anarchist bombing attacks on judges, politicians, and law enforcement officials
• Attempt by the US Department of Justice to arrest and depart anarchists from the United States
• Under the leadership of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer
• Palmer was convinced that communism was going to spread to America and overthrow the government alike it had in Russia as it was “eating away the homes of American workmen”
• Palmer and Edgar Hoover used the Espionage and Sedition acts to start a campaign against radical organizations
• 10,000 suspected communists were arrested on November 7, 1919 which many were released and deported back to Russia
• 6,000 more were arrested on January 2, 1920 and held without trial
• They found no evidence but still held many who were apart of the Industrial Workers of the World
• Constitutionality was questioned about the operation leading many to change their views about the Palmer’s security efforts

Question 9

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following was the principal public opponent of lynching in the South?

Answer 9

Booker T. Washington

• Southern black male born into slavery
• Believed that the white society was not ready to accept blacks as equals; wanted a gradual approach
• Promoted economic independence as the means by which blacks could improve and gain white recognition
• Washington was accused by many for being an accommodationist who did not believe in the immediate equal rights of blacks
• Believed in separate but equal that blacks were equal among their race and that they were separate from the white folks
• Founded the Tuskegee Institute which was a school strictly for blacks

Question 10

“Another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequalled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries.”

Americans advocating ideas expressed in the passage above would be most accurately described as

Answer 10

Social Darwinists

• Theory that the strongest or the fittest were to survive in the social world
• Describes a typical Anglo-Saxon person as geniuses when it comes to colonization due to the fact that he has levels of perseverance, independence, and energy that surpass a typical person
• Qualities like these make him powerful enough to “excel all others and push his way into new countries.”

Question 11

An important result of the 1936 presidential campaign was the

Answer 11

Shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party

• During the Civil War era, Lincoln was the first Republican president and supported antislavery
• Democrats was the party of the South
• In 1936, Democrat Roosevelt won a lopsided election with 61% of the popular vote
• Carried every state except Vermont and Maine
• Roosevelt’s victory ensured a Democratic coalition that would endure until the 1960s
• Coalition included white ethnic groups in the cities, midwest farmers, and labor union
• New support for the Democrats came from African Americans, mainly in northern cities, who had left the Republican Party because of Roosevelt’s New Deal
• 10% of CCC was black provided welfare for unemployed young men
• Democratic victory provided them with a majority in both the House and Senate
• Majority of business leaders would never enthusiastically support the New Deal
• Election of 1936 enabled the Democrats to become the dominant political party until the mid-1960s

Question 12

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal can best be described as

Answer 12

Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection

• Focused mainly on helping the middle class and eliminating large trusts which were dominating the American economy and putting small businesses at a disadvantage
• Passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906, which protected American consumers and regulated the meatpacking industry
• Set aside nearly 125 million acres of protected lands that were owned by the government for creating national parks and national forests

Question 13

All of the following were causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT

Answer 13

The establishment of public works projects

• Economic situations of weak international trade, credit, an unequal distribution of wealth, and overproduction led up to the great depression
• Weak international trade was from the US government Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act which increased taxes on over 20,000 imported goods
• Excessive use of credit also contributed since Individuals buying on credit and installment left millions in debt
• Agricultural overproduction contributed since companies weren’t stopping production and consumers weren’t consuming
• Created by President Hoover in order to halt the economic decline and depression
• Spur factory production of supplies helped to alleviate of strain that the depression put on the economy

Question 14

Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy in Latin America was best characterized by his

Answer 14

Belief that the United States had an obligation to protect security and stability by assuming the role of an international police force throughout the Western Hemisphere

• Imperialist Roosevelt believed in using his power as president to actively involve the government
• Believed that America was to use their power and carry on the role as protector of the western hemisphere
• Issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine using the “Big Stick Policy” to police and regulate international affairs and intervene anywhere in the western hemisphere where it felt its national security was at stake
• Roosevelt saw Panama as a major opportunity in the interest of our nation
• By building a canal through the Central American Isthmus, he could shorten the sea trip from the East coast to California
• Though Columbia refused to sell the US the land we wanted, the United States encouraged the people of Panama to rebel
• Because the success of the canal was so detrimental to our nation, Roosevelt used his power to strike a deal with the Panamanians and the United States military moved in

Question 15

In the Schechter Poultry Corp. v U.S. case of 1935, which of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal measures came under attack?

Answer 15

The National Recovery Act

• Supreme Court declared it an unconstitutional piece of the New Deal
• Violated the separation of power and exceeded the power of Congress because the activities went beyond what the government can regulate under the commerce clause
• Decision was unanimous rendering the National Recovery Act
• Act was a main component of Roosevelt’s New Deal in 1933 in order to regulate industry and permit monopolies to stimulate the economy
• United States was recovering from the Great Depression which was needed to fix economy
• NIRA was a new federal agency getting leaders of industry and labor unions and the federal government
• Attempted to put business leaders and government and set prices for products and wages
• Told unconstitutional and illegal and banned price waging
• Destroyed NIRA

Question 16

All of the following are true concerning the women’s suffrage movement EXCEPT

Answer 16

It first met success in the New England states

• Socially, society was male dominant
• Family life was patriarchal and women were expected to take care of the children and hues
• First convention was at the Senaca Falls Convention of 1848 (organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott) in New York that discussed the problems of women’s rights
• New York was not a New England state; Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were
• In 1890, Wyoming became the first state with women’s suffrage
• During the early 1900s, the movement gained a lot of support from the Progressives who advocated for change
• Many of the leaders were first active in the abolitionist movement because they believed the ideology of fairness among all

Question 17

During the time of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, the Irreconcilables and the Reservationists had strong feelings concerning

Answer 17

Treaty of Versailles

• Immediate opposition because it was a controversial proposal establishing a League of Nations to assure peace through collective action.
• Irreconcilables, a group of senators, were mostly isolationists that didn’t want to be tied to European affairs; therefore, felt strongly against the U.S. joining the League of Nations to help countries
• Also argued that the basis of the League was mistaken in the idea of using “war to prevent war”
• Many were also opposed to Wilson
• Irreconcilables were backed by German Americans who thought the treaty was too harsh on Germany, by Italian Americans who disliked Wilson for not letting Italy seize Fiume, by Irish Americans who were unhappy that the treaty did not provide for Irish independence, and by Progressives who were unhappy with the terms of the treaty
• Reservationists, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, would agree with the concept of the League if there were amendments attached to the treaty
• Henry Cabot Lodge had done everything in his power to build up opposition to the Treaty of Versailles by delaying its passage through the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
• Lodge’s main amendment to the treaty would remove any moral obligation of the United States to Article X, which struck at the heart of Wilson’s treaty

Question 18

All of the following policies pursued by President Theodore Roosevelt were main objectives of the American Progressives EXCEPT

Answer 18

Intervention in the affairs of Central American governments

• American Progressive reforms were meant to benefit America domestically
• Passage of the Pure Food and Water Act, the creation of national forests and protected wildlife reserves, initiation of antitrust lawsuits against various corporate monopolies, and expansion of the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission were all part of the Progressive reforms
• Intervention of government in central america was meant to be a form of imperialism
• US’s involvement in Central America was international and not domestic

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Versailles is true?

Answer 19

The United States Senate rejected it because it required increased American involvement in European affairs

• Wilson arrived at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 with his Fourteen Points, one being the creation of a League of Nations
• Basis of these points and the League was to ensure peace among the countries
• However, many in the Senate rejected continued American involvement in foreign affairs
• Senate split into three groups with the Democrats fully supported the treaty, including League membership but rejected by Republicans who had reservations about the treaty
• Many senators were “irreconcilables” who opposed the League because they feared membership would further entangle America with corrupt foreign powers and restrict US freedom of action
• Americans wanted to maintain their neutrality and avoid another world war.
• Felt the need to steer clear of any overseas association in order to preserve their national interests

Question 20

In response to several unfavorable Supreme Court rulings concerning New Deal programs, Franklin Roosevelt

Answer 20

Proposed legislation that would allow him to appoint new federal and Supreme Court judges

• Conservatism in the existing Senate repeatedly shot down Roosevelt’s plans on reform
• FDR proposed a “court packing” plan, which would allow him to appoint a new federal judge for every sitting judge who reached the age of 70 and had not retired filtering influential senior members
• Could choose six new Supreme Court justices and over 40 other federal judges
• Unanimously unpopular in the Senate, and was shot down
• However, several judges soon retired anyway and FDR replaced them with liberals in his favor

Question 21

Which of the following was not a major contributing factor to the onset of the Great Depression?

Answer 21

The federal government interfered too frequently with the economy, causing investors to lose confidence

• Stock Market Crash of 1929 was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression
• Stockholders had lost more than $40 billion
• By the end of 1930s, the stock market started to regain some of its losses
• However, it was not sufficient and America was in the state of the Great Depression
• Situation was worsened by firming of money rates to the commercial interests.
• Throughout the 1930s, more than 9,000 banks failed
• Most bank deposits were uninsured and a number of people lost their savings due to the bank failures
• Because of uncertain economic situations, people were not willing to go for new loans
• People from all classes stopped purchasing any items and after the market crashed and fears of economic disaster
• Production of a number of items was decreased resulting in a reduction in the workforce
• About 25% of people were unemployed
• Government created the Hawley-Smoot Tariff 1930 to help protect the American companies
• Higher tax was charged for the imports, leading to a reduced trade between the U.S. and the foreign countries

Question 22

All of the following contributed to the spirit of isolationism in the United States during the 1930s EXCEPT

Answer 22

A universal lack of awareness of the goals of the Third Reich

All of the above choices are correct except for Letter C, because the Third Reich had nothing to do with America’s policy of isolationism. Actually, the Third Reich provided America with an incentive to enter into WWII in order to protect our European allies. Letters D and E are reasons why we were in SUPPORT of the policy of isolationism, because they shifted our focus to more domestic issues. Letter A is evidence of the corruption that occurs during war, while Letter B presents Washington’s Farewell Address, which warned us to stay out of imperialistic wars and permanent foreign alliances.

Question 23

The rapid growth of American towns in the 1920s and the 1930s was made primarily by the

Answer 23

Mass production of automobiles

• Industrial Revolution transformed urban life and gave people higher expectations for improving their standard of living
• Increased number of jobs and technological innovations in transportation and housing construction
• Encouraged migration to cities
• Development of railroads, streetcars, and trolleys enabled city boundaries to expand
• People no longer had to live within walking distance of their jobs
• Henry Ford found an easier way to make cars faster with cheeper parts
• 1/5 Americans had a automobile
• Lead government to create more roads

Question 24

One of the unintended effects of Prohibition was that it

Answer 24

Provided organized crime syndicates with a means to gain both wealth and power

• 18th amendment prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States
• At first it worked fairly well; World War I had given Americans a sense of purpose and self-sacrifice
• Concept of abstinence was popular with Northern religious conservatives and fundamentals
• Law lowered public drunkenness
• However many people couldn’t be contained their desire to drink
• Massive underground nightclubs called speakeasies arose
• Crime reinforcement rose dramatically with the level of illegal activity
• Soon it was clear that Prohibition had failed
• FBI was found by Hoover
• In 1933 the 21st Amendment, repealing Prohibition, was passed

Question 25

The 1927 motion picture The Jazz Singer was the first major commercial film to feature

Answer 25

Synchronous sound

• First major film to feature sound
• Release signaled the commercial rise of the “talkies” and the decline of the silent film era
• American musical film produced by Warner Bros
• Film depicts the fictional story of Jakie Rabinowitz, a young man who defies the traditions of his Jewish family
• After singing popular tunes in a beer garden he is punished by his father prompting Jakie to run away from home
• Some years later he has become a talented jazz singer and attempts to build a career as an entertainer
• Professional ambitions come into conflict with the demands of his home and heritage

Question 26

The United States took control of the Philippines in 1898

Answer 26

As a result of the Spanish-American War

• Annexed Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
• Large debate over annexation
• McKinley believed that it was the White Man’s Burden to educate and civilize the barbaric nations
• United States exercised political and economic domination over the Philippines since the defeat of Spanish colonialism in 1899
• Posed as the liberator of the Philippines from imperialist powers
• Side with Filipinos who wanted to fight for independence
• Take control of the country and when US economic domination been established the US gradually give back formal independence

Question 27

“Free speech would not protect a man falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing panic”
The excerpt above is from a 1919 Supreme Court ruling prohibiting speech that represented a “clear and present danger.”

The defendant in the case had

Answer 27

Sent letters to military draftees arguing that conscription was illegal

• Regarding about involuntary servitude
• During time of national emergency
• Violated the First Amendment, giving freedom of speech, but was worded vaguely, which gave the courts leeway in their interpretation
• Schenck v. United States tested the validity of the Espionage Act of 1917
• Illegal use of forcing US male to start opposition to drafting
• Forbade the use of the mail to send any treasonous material
• Idea that the federal government should not force you to go to war because of the 13th amendment
• 13th amendment states that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the United States”
• Holmes ruled that a person’s civil liberties were not absolute and could be curtailed if their actions posed a “clear and present danger” to others or to the nation

Question 28

The term “welfare capitalism”refers to the corporate practice of

Answer 28

Offering workers incentives, such as pensions and profit sharing, to dissuade them from joining unions

• Business usage of pension plans, profit sharing opportunities, and company parties
• Pro-business atmosphere during the era
• Labor unions became less popular
• Businesses tried to offer benefits in order to stop people from joining labor unions
• Hoped that by offering benefits, workers wouldn’t demand more

Question 29

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 was endorsed by

Answer 29

Most Democrats who advocated lower duties

• Progressive era reform
• Reduced tariff to encourage international trade
• Particularly England so it can sell more stuff in the United States
• Making foreigns goods cheaper in the US would make England would make their tariffs lower
• Make manufacturers more efficient and providing consumers with competitive pricing
• It was passed under Woodrow Wilson one of the three Progressive Presidents

Question 30

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 sought to lessen the effects of the Depression by

Answer 30

Paying farmers to cut production and, in some cases, destroy crops

• Roosevelt was faced with an agricultural market in which farmers overproduced that their crops were worth virtually nothing
• Roosevelt’s solution provided payments to farmers in return for their agreement to cut production by up to one-half
• Money to cover this program came from increased taxes on meat packers, millers, and other food processors
• Program stabilized agricultural prices and increased American income from imports
• Came to an end when the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional

Question 31

All of the following occurred during the 1920’s, EXCEPT

Answer 31

The passage of the Interstate Highway Act

• Interstate Highway Act was passed in 1956
• Eisenhower signed this act which allotted $25 billion to the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highway
• Was to be built over a 10 year period
• Largest public work project in American history at that point
• Expected that the money would be generated through new taxes on fuel, automobiles, trucks, and tires to construct the roads
• Result of the rise of automobiles in the United States mainly by Henry Ford

Question 32

John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath” portrays the dismal plight of

Answer 32

Farmers during the Dust Bowl

• American realist novel
• Set during the Great Depression
• Focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from Oklahoma by drought, economic hardship, and changes in financial and agricultural industries
• Characteristics of the Dust Bowel
• Joad family set out for California along with thousands of other “Okies”
• Sought jobs, land, dignity, and a future

Question 33

Which of the following American architects is considered by many to be the father of the modern skyscraper, thus changing the face of cities like Chicago in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Answer 33

Louis H. Sullivan

• Creator of the modern skyscraper
• Showed the spirit of the era and the needs of the people

Question 34

All of the following during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s First Hundred Days EXCEPT

Answer 34

Passage of the Social Security Act

• Roosevelt’s “New Deal” involved regulation and reform of the banking system, massive government spending to restart the economy and putting people back to work, and the creation of a social services network
• Between March 8 and June 16 was known to be the “First Hundred Days”
• Congress followed Roosevelt’s lead by passing 15 separate bills which formed the basis of the New Deal
• Some of those included National Bank Holiday, Glass-Steagall Act, National Industry Recovery Act, and Agricultural Adjustment Act
• Social Security Act was part of the Second New Deal

Question 35

All of the following increased government power during WWI EXCEPT the

Answer 35

Dawes Plan

• 1920s attempt of the government to give to Germany to make money and infrastructure
• System of loans in Europe from country to country back to the United States
• United States hoped to stabilize the German economy and enable Germany to pay off its debt
• Some success at the beginning since it stabilized the currency
• Great Depression hit the United States causing the plan to fail and other countries involved with the US that owed debt repayments for loans suffered

Question 36

Which of the following has been viewed by some historians as an indication of strong anti-Catholic sentiment in the presidential election of 1928?

Answer 36

Alfred E . Smith’s failure to carry a solidly Democratic South

• Ran for president and lost because he was Catholic
• During presidential election of 1928, Hoover urged tolerance
• Smith denied conflict between religion and the duties of the presidency
• Rumors circulated that Smith would follow the Vatican’s orders if he won
• Republican warned of “soup kitchens instead of busy factories” if Smith won the the election
• Hoover won the election by a landslide and took 58% of the vote including the Democratic South.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance?

Answer 37

An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity

• Mainly involved a group of writers and intellectuals associated with Harlem
• District of Manhattan that became a major center for urbanized blacks because of the migration of African Americans from the rural South
• Renaissance associated with the New Negro Movement
• Essay “The New Negro” is the closest to a manifesto that the Harlem Renaissance
• Writes that the Negro is no longer apologetic for blackness but takes a new pride in a racial identity and heritage
• For the first time, blacks had a thriving culture that was all theirs

Question 38

Conscription policies in the First and Second World Wars differed significantly in that in the Second World War

Answer 38

The draft began before the United States entered the conflict

• Conscription is the compulsory enlistment for military or service
• Means that you must join in the war to fight against the enemy otherwise you will be put in jail for not fighting for your country
• Drafts began before World War II starting in 1940
• FDR created the Selective Service System
• More than 10 million men were drafted into the army
• 62% of the whole military are draftees

Question 39

All of the following concerns were addressed during the “Hundred Days” of the New Deal EXCEPT

Answer 39

Court restructuring

• Roosevelt summoned an emergency succession of Congress to work out the details of his recovery plan
• Called the First Hundred days because that is how long it lasted
• During the time that the government implemented most of the major programs associated with the First New Deal
• Roosevelt sought to establish America’s confidence in the banking system
• Created the Emergency Banking Relief Bill and the Banking Act of 1933 to help regulate banks
• Created programs like the Public Work Administration in order to create jobs for people
• Also made the Agricultural Adjustment Act giving money to farmers that cut crop production
• Roosevelt didn’t focus on court restructuring until the Second New Deal after the “Hundred Days”

Question 40

Which of the following best characterizes the stance of the writers associated with the literary flowering of the 1920s, such as Sinclair Lewis and F . Scott Fitzgerald?

Answer 40

Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism

• Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and Gertrude Stein spearheaded a literary movement that comprised the Lost Generation of writers who felt disillusioned with the American culture of the 1920s
• Notable for their exodus from America to European cultural centers like Paris
• Commented on the American culture that allowed for the lustful and superfluous lifestyle
• Great example is The Great Gatsby
• Mirrored their emotional and intellectual isolation from the American identity

Question 41

Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would

Answer 41

Limit United States sovereignty

• Does not believe the United States should get involved to be subjugated to participate in world affairs
• After World War I, many in the U. S. were wary of becoming entangled in another war
• Senator Lodge led a group of senators who were afraid the U.S. might get pulled into another war to enforce the League’s wishes or that the League might try to interfere with the business and wishes of the country.
• Called “isolationists” and this occurred during the “isolationist era”
• Feared the US would lose its independence and autonomy.
• America had had enough of wars and did not want to entangle itself in European affair
• Joining the league meant that it might involve having to do things that might set back the country’s economy or damage America
• Despite Wilson’s support of the League, Congress refused to join and rejected the Treaty of Versailles

Question 42

One of the principal reasons the “noble experiment” of Prohibition failed was that it led to an enormous increase in

Answer 42

Law enforcement challenges

• Prohibition is the legal act of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol and alcoholic beverages
• Many people rebelled against prohibition
• Americans like to do illegal things
• America had an alcohol addiction especially poor industrial workers
• Law enforcement enforced laws all about alcohol and people did not follow the rules
• After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise
• Number of societies were organized as part of a new temperance movement which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated
• At first organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movement’s focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption
• Police officers struggled to handle all the drunk people
• Tried to fix a societal problem with legislature which failed