AP US History 1800-1836 Summary Questions Flashcards
What does the word Revolution mean?
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system
Explain in detail, why the Election of 1800 is called the “Bloodless Revolution” in United States history; i.e. what was the MAJOR change that occurred?
- It was the first time in human history that a democracy peacefully transferred power from one political group and ideology to a vastly different group and ideology
- Federalists to Democratic Republicans
- All presidents up until Jefferson were Federalists- Jefferson was a Democratic Republican
How did the Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison (1803) give the Supreme Court more power; explain Judicial Review and how it is not in the Constitution.
- After winning the Election of 1812 and taking office, Thomas Jefferson refused to accept Federalist positions within the government that John Adams had created before leaving his presidency to ensure that the government would remain Federalist
- One of the men who was offered a position, named William Marbury, sued the federalist government (which would be represented by James Madison, the Secretary of State), and Marbury asked the Supreme Court (led by federalist Justice John Marshall) to use their power to submit a writ of mandamus that the new positions would stay in government
- Marshall was conflicted because if he submitted the writs of mandamus and they were denied, then the Supreme Court would look weak, and if he didn’t submit the writs of mandamus, then the Federalist party would be weakened in the government
- Marshall decided to claim that the Supreme Court does not have the power to hear the case because the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional because Congress had no Constitutional authority to give the power of the writ of mandamus to the Supreme Court in the first place
- He created The Power Of Judicial Review, which is the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws of Congress, signed by the president unconstitutional, and therefore null and void.
How is the War of 1812 an example of America getting dragged into a European war?
- The War of 1812 was between France and England
- American wanted to sell materials to both sides because they were material hungry
- Both sides did not want the U.S shipping materials to their enemies
- Resulted in both sides pursuing U.S. ships
- The Embargo Act of 1807 was then passed, which stated that the U.S. wouldn’t trade with any foreign nation and to prevent the U.S. from being dragged into the war.
- We declared war because we wanted respect and recognition and because each side was really “pushing” around the U.S
List and describe the three laws the US Congress passed to attempt to keep the US out of war with European nations from 1807-1812? How did they attempt to keep the US out of a European war?
- Embargo Act of 1807- stated that the US would not trade with any foreign nation in order to stop having American merchant vessels from being seized on the Atlantic Ocean by aggressive England and France; it was an attempt to prevent Europe from dragging The US into war
- The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809- American economy was destroyed by the Embargo Act of 1807, so the Non-Intercourse Act stated that the US would trade with all nations EXCEPT for England and France
- Macon’s Bill No. 2 in 1810- If England promised to stop seizing US ships, the US would stop trading with France. If France promised to stop seizing US ships, the US would stop trading with England
How did Macon’s Bill No. 2 actually thrust the US into the War of 1812?
- If England promised to stop seizing US ships, the US would stop trading with France
- If France promised to stop seizing US ships, the US would stop trading with England
- Napoleon took the trade immediately because he had nothing to lose, but when we stopped trading with England, The British seized all American merchant vessels in the Atlantic and cut off trade with France and destroying U.S. economy
- U.S. got mad and knew it was time for them to step in and gain some respect
What positive results did the Treaty of Ghent produce for America?
The British promise to recognize the US as a sovereign nation, remove her forts and troops from everywhere in North America except Canada, stop seizing US ships, and stop supplying Native Americans with guns to stop Westward Expansion
How and why did the North and the South begin to grow dramatically grow apart because of the Industrial Revolution and the Transportation Revolution? Describe the Second Great Awakening and how it impacted American society.
- Demands for products such as cotton skyrocketed demanding slaves
- New England and Midwest formed close political, economic, and social ties creating networks of transportation methods supplying food and jobs
- The South began to feel isolated
- Irish immigrants made their way to the United States causing much extreme Native reactions because they took Natives jobs away, lowered the price of unskilled labor, and crowded already crowded urban centers
- The South did not develop into a large cities, experience the transportation revolution, and did not have farmers that engaged in the market unlike the North
- The Second Great Awakening began to step up to the abolition of slavery which became a factor in the split of the North and the South
Describe the major hostilities surrounding the creation of Missouri as a state in 1820.
- Huge tension over slavery at the time
- The Second Great Awakening began to question slavery because of its zeal to reform society to Christian which occurred mostly in the North as they sought for zealous spiritualism like the Puritans
- In 1820 there were 11 free states and 11 slave states (important for the Senate)
- The North had more power in the House of Representatives because they had a larger population and the ⅗ movement was only enforced in the South
- Missouri wanting to become a slave state would upset the balance making the North refuse
What are the provisions of the Missouri Compromise and how did they delay the Civil War instead of prevent it?
- Henry Clay creates a line across the Louisiana territory stating that any state above the line would not permit slavery and any state below would permit slavery
- Missouri would become a slave state but Maine would be created out of the state of Massachusetts and become a free state
- Maintained balance at 12:12 therefore postponing the Civil War
- Did not prevent the war because there would soon be other states entering the Union
Why are the years from 1816-1824 known as the “Era of Good Feeling?” How did the Era of Good Feeling end with the Election of 1824?
- Known as the “Era of Good Feeling” because there was a great amount of national unity and purpose
- Four men ran for Democratic Republican showing the lack of unity in the party
- Election of 1824 was considered a stolen presidency because people believed Adams made a bargain with Henry Clay promising to give him Secretary of State if in return he would get presidency
- Political favor and controversy put an end to the era since it conflicted with optism and restraint marked by the period
Why did Jackson fail to win the presidency in the Election of 1824 and why is it called the “Corrupt Bargain?”
- Jackson won the most votes and electoral college votes but did not win presidency because he did not win absolute majority pushing the election to the House of Representatives
- Henry Clay, a power speaker in the House of Representatives, pushed for Adams to win during the election
- Adams won and named Clay Secretary of State leaving people to suspect that the deal was sealed behind closed doors
- Called a corrupt bargain because Adams had seemed to have made a pact with Clay to give him victory in return of giving him a position in the federal government
Why was the Democratic Party created after the Election of 1824?
- During the U.S. election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected president without winning either the electoral or popular vote
- It was created by Andrew Jackson to support his election bid
- He wanted to get rid of the electoral college because it meant that the elite selected the president and not the people
List and explain reasons why Andrew Jackson said that he advocated for the “common man.”
- Was an orphaned child, his siblings died when they were young, and grew up extremely poor
- Joined the Revolutionary War at age 13
- Created the Democratic Party to represent the “common man”
- He promised to get rid of the Electoral College because it was the means that the elite selected the president, not the people
- He promised to destroy the National Bank
- He promised to stabilize currency by using specie (gold and silver coins) instead of paper money
- He was an aggressive expansionist, for the betterment of the US population, even if it meant conflict
- He was not educated and rich
Describe the reasons why Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and why Jackson believed in, and got away with, ignoring the Supreme Court when it declared that removing Indians from east of the Mississippi was unconstitutional.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed because gold was discovered in Georgia on Cherokee land. The State of Georgia passed a law removing Indians from their land. The Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, essentially, tell the state of Georgia that it cannot forcibly remove the Cherokee from their land. Andrew Jackson believes in forced removal of Cherokees in order to make way for white settlers and plantation owners to produce cotton. Andrew Jackson works with Congress to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which removed all Native Americans who lived on the east side of the Mississippi River, to basically Oklahoma.
