Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

High School Stuff > Biology Semester I Exam > Flashcards

Biology Semester I Exam Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. Question
  2. Research
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Record data
  6. Analyze data
  7. Conclusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the four parts of the Scientific Theory?

A
  1. Explaination of the natural world
  2. Based on significant evidence
  3. Tested repeatedly
  4. Can be changed/rejected from new evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

It is what you are testing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

It is what you are measuring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does chemistry relate to living things?

A

All living things are made out of matter and has chemical reactions inside of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does an ionic bond form?

A

Iconic bonds form when atoms gove or take electrons, which is also transferring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is it different than a covalent bond?

A

Covalent bonds form when they share electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are covalent bonds related to water molecules?

A

There are 8 valence electrons being shared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are polar molecules related to water molecules?

A

Both sides are partial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are hydrogen bonds related to water molecules?

A

They have weak attractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

It is a polymer made up of monomers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does hydrophobic and hydrophillic mean?

A

Hydrophobic is when it cannot be dissolved in water. Hydrophillic is when polar molecules can be dissolved in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of nucleic acid?

A

DNA, RNA, and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a cell?

A

It is the smallest unit that can carry on all processes of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells.
  2. It is the basic unit of life.
  3. It comes from pre-existing cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you calculate the total magnification for a compund light microscope?

A

Multiply the eyepiece with the objective lense. (10x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hierachy of multicellular organisms?

A

Cells, tissues, organ, organ systems, and organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It controls the center of the cell and contains DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

It makes proteins in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

It prepares celluar products in a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

It means that a few things can pass through it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a fluid mosaic?

A

It is a fluid like water and is constantly changing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Namne 3 functions of the cell membrane proteins.

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Communication
  3. Binds to the cutoskeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of the particles from H to L.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Give an example of a solution. What is the solute and solvent?

A

Kookaid. The solute is water. The solvent is powder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is passive transport?

A

It is moving materials between H to L and energy is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is active transport?

A

It is moving marerials from L to H and energy is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

It is moving materials into the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

It is moving materials out of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are two body of knowledges about the natural world?

A

Theories and laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are examples of theories?

A

Cell Theory, atomic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the process of investigating the natural world?

A
  1. Testing hypothesis
  2. Making hypothesis
  3. Developing models
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do you go from large to small in the metric system?

A

Move the decimal to the left or divide by ten for each unit you jump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do you go from small to large in the metric system?

A

Move the decimal to the left or divide by ten for each unit you jump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the base of the metric system?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is deci?

A

.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is centi?

A

.01

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is milli?

A

.001

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is deka?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is hecta?

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is kilo?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a data table?

A

Organize the information collected from experiments or research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is a graph?

A

Provides a clear picture of numerical relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does a data table need?

A

Title, columns with headings, units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does a graph need?

A

Title, axes, labels, units, numbera on axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the two types of graphs?

A

Line and bar graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Love of loving

A

-phile/philibic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Fear of; fearing

A

-phob/phobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

One

A

Mon/mono-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Many

A

Poly-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Large

A

Macro-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Breaks

A

-lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Sugar

A

-ose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Nucleus

A

-Karyo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

True

A

Eu-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Before

A

Pro-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Cell

A

Cyto-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

More than one

A

Multi-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

More than/above/higher

A

Hyper-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Less than/below/lower

A

Hypo-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Same/equal

63
Q

In/internal

64
Q

Out/external

65
Q

Self

66
Q

Different

67
Q

What are the characteristics of a proton?

A

Positive, nucleus

68
Q

What are the characteristics of a neutron?

A

Neutral, nucleus

69
Q

What are the characteristics of an electron?

A

Negative, orbitals

70
Q

Atom with a charge (gain/lose electron)

71
Q

Atom of the same element, but with different numbers of neutrons

72
Q

Number of protons

A

Atomic number

73
Q

Number of protons and neutrons

A

Atomic mass

74
Q

What is the maximum of each cell?

A

Shell 1- 2
Shell 2- 8
Shell 3- 8

75
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

Attractive forces that holds atoms together

76
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Bond between atoms with opposite charges

77
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Bond formed when atoms share electrons

78
Q

What does a ionic bond do?

A
  1. Give/take electrons

2. Opposite charges are attracted

79
Q

What does a covalent bond do?

A
  1. No ion is formed

2. Share electrons

80
Q

What does both ionic and covalent bonds do?

A
  1. Hold atoms

2. Valence electrons

81
Q

What is water made of?

A

Oxygen and two hydrogen bonds

82
Q

Oxygen has a stronger pull than hydrogen

83
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

Opposite charges on opposite ends of the molecules is due to uneven sharing of e-

84
Q

What is a hydrogen bonds?

A

Weak attractions between polar molecules which is weak individually, but strong collectively

85
Q

What is cohesion?

A

H2O molecules are attracted to each other; polarity

86
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Cohesion of water molecules at the surface; hydrogen bond

87
Q

What is adhesion?

A

H2O molecules are attracted to other substances; polarity

88
Q

What is universal solvent?

A

Wayer dissolves many substances; polarity

89
Q

What is high heat capacity?

A

Much energy is needed to change the temperature to H2O; hydrogen bonds

90
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Molecules that can be bonded together to form polymers

91
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A substance with a molecular structure formed by polymers

92
Q

Rxn that links monomers together

A

Condensation reaction

93
Q

Rxn that breaks apart a polymer

A

Hydrolysis

94
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharride: fructose, glucose, galactose
Disaccharide and polyssacharride
Examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose
Used for: table sugar, milk sugar, grain sugar

95
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fatty acid
Triglyceride, phospolipids, wax, steroids
Examples: fats and oils, cell membrane, beewax, ear eax, plant wax, hormones
Used for: energy protection, barrier between cell and environment, waterproof barrier communicate, regulate

96
Q

What are proteins?

A

Amino acid
Dipeptide, polypeptide, finished polypeptide (protein)
Used for: movement, transportation, communication, structures, catalyst
Examples: muscles, hemoglobin, hormones, keratin, collagon, elaston, enzymes

97
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Examples: DNA, RNA, ATP
Used for: contains information that determines an organism’s traits, transfer information from DNA to the rest of the cell, cell energy

98
Q

Who is Hooke?

A

Discovered cells

99
Q

Who is Scheiden?

A

Concludes plants are made up of cells

100
Q

Who is Leeuwenhoek?

A

Describes cells as single-celled organisms

101
Q

Who is Schwann?

A

Concludes animals are made up of cells

102
Q

Who is Virchow?

A

Concludes all cells are made up of cells

103
Q

What is the organization of multicellular organisms?

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

104
Q

Allows certain things to enter or leave the cell

Allows the cell to excrete wastes and interact with its environment

A

Cell membrane

105
Q

Protects the cell’s genetic information

DNA is transcribed into RNA

106
Q

Transfers energy from molcules to ATP

Convert molecules into energy for the cell

A

Mitchondria

107
Q

Build proteins

108
Q

Path along molecules that move from one part of a cell to another (smooth and rough)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

109
Q

Modifies cellular products and prepares them for export

A

Golgi apparatus

110
Q

Migrate and merge with the plasma membrane releasing contents outside of the cell

111
Q

Give shape to the inside of the cell

Items move around inside of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

112
Q

Proteins and carbohydrates form a stiff box around each cell

Pores allows molecules to enter and exit

113
Q

Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon and water

A

Chloroplast

114
Q

Stores water, enzymes, metabollic waste, and other minerals

A

Large central vacuole

115
Q

What is function of the cell membrane?

A
  1. Boundary layer
  2. Maintain homeostasis by selective permable
  3. Provides a cytoskeleton
  4. Communication tool between cells
116
Q

What are the functions of the fluid mosaic?

A
  1. Behaves more like fluid
  2. Lipids and proteins move side to side
  3. Pattern is dynamic
117
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Phospholipid, cholesterol, cytoskeleton, peripheral protein, carbohydrate, integral protein

118
Q

How do materials tend to move?

A

Concentration gradient

119
Q

Movement from high to low
No energy required
Types: simple and facilitated diffusion

A

Passive transport

120
Q

Movement from low to high
Energy required
Types: cell membrane pump, vesicles

A

Active transport

121
Q

Movement of particles from high to low

122
Q

Transport of materials across a cell membrane for high to low with help from a carrier protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

Example: glucose

123
Q

Diffusion of water across the cell membrane

124
Q

Carrier protein to transport from high to low using ATP

A

Cell membrane pumps

125
Q

Materials moving into the cell

A

Endocytosis

126
Q

Materials moving out of a cell

A

Exocytosis

127
Q

What cell organelle is apart of the plant cell but not animal?

A

Chloroplast, cell wall, large central vacuole

128
Q

What is a prokaryote cell?

A

More simple, no nucleus, DNA is “floating”, no membrane-bound organelle smaller
Example: bacteria

129
Q

What is an eukaryote cell?

A

More complex, true nucleus, DNA is contained, have membrane bound organelle, larger
Example: animals and plants

130
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphoshate; compound bonded into three phosphate groups

131
Q

Energy is essential to life

132
Q

All living things must be able to obtain energy

133
Q

Carries out all processes of life

134
Q

What is the energy source of cells?

A

Food, glucose, ATP

135
Q

CO2+H2O to sunlight to C6H2O2+O2

A

Photosynthesis equation

136
Q

C6H12O6+O2+O2 to CO2+H2O

A

Cellular respiration

137
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

138
Q

Where does cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria

139
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Organisms uses energy from the sun or makes their own nutrients

140
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Organisms cannot make their own nutrients and feeds off of other organisms

141
Q

What are the two stages in which photosynthesis occurs?

A

Light Dependent Reactions

Calvin Cycle

142
Q

What is the Light Dependent Reactions?

A

Thylakoid membrane
Sunlight, H2O (APD+P, NADP+)
O2 (ATP, NADPH)

143
Q

What is the Calvin Cycle?

A

Stroma
CO2 (ATP, NADPH)
Glucose

144
Q

What are the three stages in which cellular respiration occurs?

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

145
Q

What is the glycolysis?

A

Cytoplasm
Glucose, 2 ATP
2 ATP; CO2, -e, 2 pyruvate

146
Q

What is the Kreb’s Cycle?

A

Matrix
2 pyruvate
CO2, 2 ATP, -e

147
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Inner membrane
-e, oxygen
32 ATP, H2O

148
Q

Biology is the study of

149
Q

What is not a characteristic of living things?

A

Complexity

150
Q

A scientific theory

A

May be revised as new evidence is presented

151
Q

Calculate: Ocular- 10x, objective- 40x

152
Q

What is not a metric unit?

153
Q

What is a metric unit?

154
Q

What is the proper way to smell chemicals in the lab?

A

Gently waft

High School Stuff (73 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions