AP Biology Chapter 5 Quiz Flashcards
What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers?
Dehydration or condensation reactions
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____.
A polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers … consumed
The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond.
Covalent
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
Polymer … glucose molecules
In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?
Starch
Which one of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight?
Glucose
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can’t the same enzyme break down cellulose?
The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded together differently than in starch.
The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by _____.
Glycosidic linkages
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.
Phospholipids
The fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are _____ because they _____.
Hydrophobic … have no charges to which water molecules can adhere
Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured?
Primary structure
The α helix and β pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?
Secondary structure
Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _____.
Amino acid molecules
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of _____ to be equal to the percentage of _____.
Adenine … thymine
