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High School Stuff > Biology Cell Cycle and Mitosis Unit > Flashcards

Biology Cell Cycle and Mitosis Unit Flashcards

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0
Q

What is interphase?

A

Non-dividing part of the cell cycle

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1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

Repeating steps of events in the life of a cell

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2
Q

G1, S, and G2 are all apart of what process?

A

Interphase

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3
Q

What are the five steps of cell division?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

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4
Q

What happens in G1?

A

Gap of time, cell grows and matures to size

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5
Q

What happens in S?

A

Synthesis of DNA; exact copy of all DNA in the nucleus

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6
Q

What happens in G2?

A

Gap of time, cell prepares for cell division

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7
Q

What happens in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?

A

Division of the nucleus

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8
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Division of the cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is the cell cycle controlled by?

A

Proteins

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10
Q

How do multicellular organisms grow?

A

Making more cells

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11
Q

Where do new cells come from?

A

Pre-existing cells

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12
Q

What are new cells used for?

A

Growth or repair of damaged tissues

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13
Q

What is cell reproduction called?

A

Cell division

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14
Q

What is cell division?

A

Process by which cells produces offspring cells

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15
Q

What are offspring cells also called?

A

Daughter cells

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16
Q

How many cells are prduced every second in humans?

A

25 million

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17
Q

How long is the cell cycle?

A

The length is different from one cell to another

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18
Q

When does cancer occur?

A

When cells grow uncontrollably

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19
Q

What is a tumor?

A

Swelling of a part of the body caused by an abnormal growth of tissues

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20
Q

What is benign?

A

Not harmful in effect, in a particular tumor

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21
Q

What is metastasize?

A

Spread to other sites in the body by metastasis

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22
Q

What is cancer?

A

Disease caused by an uncontrolled division of cells in the body

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23
Q

What is the best kind of cancer?

A

Benign

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24
Q

What can be used to treat cancer?

A

Radiation and chemotherapy

25
Q

What is a byproduct of broken DNA?

26
Q

How do you know when a cell is getting ready to divide?

A

DNA is organized

27
Q

How do you know when a cell is not about to divide?

A

The DNA is not organized

28
Q

What are chromotids?

A

Identical copy of each other; seperate when one cells divides into two

29
Q

What are histones?

A

Protein DNA that wraps around to stay organized

30
Q

What is a centromere?

A

The center part where the two chromosomes connect

31
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Threadlike nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of cells

32
Q

What is contained in the nucleus?

A

Chromosomes

33
Q

What is prophase?

A
  1. First and longest step of mitosis
  2. Shortening and tight coiling of DNA into chromosomes
  3. Nucleus and nuclear membranr breakdown disappear
34
Q

What is metaphase?

A
  1. Second stage of mitosis
  2. Chromosomes line up along the midline of dividing cells
  3. Held by kinetochore fibers
35
Q

What is anaphase?

A
  1. Third stage of mitosis
  2. Seperation at the centromere
  3. Chromotids move towards opposite poles of the cell
  4. Considered individual chromosomes
36
Q

What is telophase?

A
  1. Fourth stage of mitosis
  2. Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell
  3. Nuclear envelope and cleavage furrow forms
37
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Division of the nucleus of the cell

38
Q

What is spindle?

A

Football-shaped, cage like structure made of microtubes

39
Q

What seperates sister chromatids during mitosis?

40
Q

What happens in the cell division of animals?

A
  1. Pinching inward
  2. Center of the cell
  3. “Cleavage form”
41
Q

What happens in the cell division of plants?

A
  1. No pinching
  2. Cell plate forms center of cells
  3. Cell walls form on each side of the plate
42
Q

What happens to a cell in cell division?

A

It becomes two genetically identical cells

43
Q

How large are the daughter cells?

A

About half the size of parent cells; still grow during metaphase

44
Q

Does cell division occur in multicellular organisms or unicellular organisms?

45
Q

What is the purpose of cell division?

A

Growth and repair

46
Q

Is interphase a cell division stage?

47
Q

What is the longest stage of cell division?

A

Interphase

48
Q

What is the process in which prokaryotic cells divide?

A

Binary fission

49
Q

Which phase do chromotids seperate to become chromosomes?

50
Q

Is cytokinesis animal cell involved or plant cell?

51
Q

What is created in plant cells when vesicles join?

A

Cell plate

52
Q

What happens in cytokinesis took place before mitosis?

A

DNA would not be organized and similar

53
Q

What phase is chromosomes more difficult to see?

A

Interphase

54
Q

Dark, solid nucleus

A

Interphase

55
Q

Grainy, “stringy” nucleus

56
Q

“Spidery” structure in the center

57
Q

Chromotids spreading

58
Q

One cell, 2 nuclei

59
Q

Light shade; showing of cell plate

A

Cytokinesis

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