AP US History Unit 2 MCQs

Question 1

The Whig Party

Answer 1

Was formed out of opposition to many of Jackson’s policies

• Supported the supremacy of Congress rather than presidency
• Promoted internal improvements such as the building of roads, canals, and railroads which would benefit the West
• President Jackson’s decision to veto the national bank and funding in a bill to construct state highways without the consent of the Congress infuriated the party
• Led the party to pledge against Jackson’s executive actions

Question 2

The principle of Popular Sovereignty

Answer 2

Allowed the decision of whether or not new territories would have slavery with a vote within that territory

• Concept that political power rests with people who can create, alter, and abolish government
• People express themselves through voting and free participation in government
• In 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas wanted Nebraska to become a state so that a transcontinental railroad could be built
• According to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery would not be allowed in Nebraska
• Some senators wanted slavery in all the states, and they refused to vote for Douglas’s bill
• Douglas proposed that the area be divided into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska
• The Missouri Compromise is repealed and popular sovereignty takes its place
• Meant that people of each territory would decide by voting whether or not to allow slavery

Question 3

Why did the Federalist Party disintegrate?

Answer 3

They fell from the graces of the American public after the Hartford Convention where some Federalists proposed seceding from the Union because of the War of 1812.

• Largely to their opposition of the War of 1812
• Sought peace with British and war with France which opposed the beliefs of the Republicans
• British stopped American ships from trading with their ego France
• Brought anti-British and this anti-Federalist sentiment
• Viewed with extreme suspicion by the growing influence of politicians and military leaders from the west

Question 4

Why did the Democratic-Republic Party disintegrate?

Answer 4

The Democratic-Republicans fell apart when Jackson formed a new political party that supported his ideals, called the Democrats.

• Split of the party by the election of 1828
• Party of the Democrats was primarily created due to the fact that Andrew Jackson believed that the Democratic-Republicans did not run the way he believed it should
• Jackson wanted to form a party that would support him in the upcoming presidential election
• Favored strong state and local government
• Won the Election of 1800

Question 5

The Know-Nothing Party

Answer 5

All of these choices

• Single-issue party that was developed first with great secrecy
• Feared the influence of immigrants into American society allowing them to quickly rise to power in state legislatures
• Opposed immigration and Catholic political influence
• Answered questions about the party by saying, “I know nothing.”
• Increased naturalization period of immigrants from 5 to 21 years preventing them from running odor office

Question 6

The Oregon Treaty

Answer 6

Established the Northern border between the United States and Canada

• US signed it in 1846 ending 28 years of joint occupancy of the Pacific Northwest
• Ceased the possession of the land the US had with Britain after the War of 1812
• “Oregon Fever” caught up with people Ohio stimulating their desires to migrate
• “Fifty-four Forty or Flight” were the longitude and latitude lines and the cry that the people made who wanted Oregon to be fully owned by America

Question 7

The Missouri Compromise can be described by all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 7

It provided a method for counting slaves among state populations when determining the size of the states’ congressional delegations.

• Allows Missouri to become a slave state
• Splits the state of Massachusetts to create Maine making it a free state
• Establishes the Missouri Compromise Line
• Not related to the 3/4 Compromise

Question 8

Between 1820 and 1854, the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from

Answer 8

Ireland

• About 780,000 immigrants came from Ireland
• Because of the potato famine in Ireland
• Wanted to seek better opportunities
• Filled up the port cities since they did not want to compete with slaves in the South

Question 9

“Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members… The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion.”

The passage above was written by

Answer 9

Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Supported individualism
• Against society forcing people to conform
• Transcendentalist
• Explored “the infinitude of the private man”
• Translated abstract ideas into ordinary people language

Question 10

The Free-Soil party advocated which of the following?

Answer 10

The exclusion of slavery from any of the new territories

• Single issue party devoted into a issue
• Advocated resources time and energy to limit the spread of the slavery when the US was rapidly expanding especially after the Mexican succession
• Souly dedicated to stopping slavery
• Was not an abolition party
• Northern feared slave plantation would drive out white laborers
• Promote “new soil” for Americans
• Wanted to limit for economic benefits of the North

Question 11

The principle of Popular Sovereignty stated that

Answer 11

New territories would decide with a vote whether or not that territory would allow slavery

• Principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, or elected representatives
• Rule by the People who are the source of all political power

Question 12

Reform movements during the first half of the nineteenth century attempted to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 12

Widen the division between church and state

• The Second Great Awakening occurred during the early 1800s
• Attempted the strengthen the influence of the church
• Wanted to create a “perfect” society

Question 13

The Lowell system of early nineteenth-century textile manufacturing was noteworthy for its

Answer 13

Efforts to minimize the dehumanizing effects of industrial labor

• Protect workers from the harsh conditions that they can encounter during industrial labor
• Girls were mostly put into the factories

Question 14

The Wilmont Proviso

Answer 14

Sought to ban slavery in territory gained from the Mexican Cession

• Made to abolish slavery in the area won after the Mexican war
• Passed through the House twice but never made it through the Senate
• Caused a rift in the relationship between the North and South

Question 15

The Spoils System under Andrew Jackson resulted in

Answer 15

The appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.

• Adams appointed voters into government positions without them having much knowledge
• Allowed men to buy their way into office

Question 16

The election of 1824 marked a turning point in presidential politics because for the first time,

Answer 16

The system of choosing nominees by congressional caucus failed

• Group of congress members who share common interests and goals
• Meet together to discuss issues, which actions should be taken to dissolves these issues, and more
• Previously, all presidential candidates had to have been nominated by a congressional caucus to run
• However, during this election, many states allowed their own citizens to elect a candidate, all of which were members of the Democratic-Republican party

Question 17

By what means did the United States take possession of the Oregon Territory?

Answer 17

The US acquired it through treaty with the British in Canada

• The Oregon Treaty of 1846 gave most of Oregon to the United States
• Fifty-four Forty or Flight was the latitude and longitude of the line that expansionists cried

Question 18

Which of the following reformers fought for the rights of the mentally ill?

Answer 18

Dorothea Dix

• American activist
• On behalf of the indigent insane and through a vigorous program of lobbying legislatures and the United States Congress
• Created the first generation of American mental asylums
• Served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War

Question 19

President James K. Polk is most closely associated with

Answer 19

Westward Expansion

• America’s territory grew across the continent
• Acquired Texas from Mexico and a portion of Oregon from the British
• More than a million square miles of territory was added to the United States
• Revived the controversy of slavery
• Achieved all his main four goals in inauguration with expanding to California as one of them

Question 20

All of the following sparked support for the abolitionist movement EXCEPT

Answer 20

The Conscription Act

• Passed by Congress
• Made the enlistment of Union citizens mandatory -Subjected all able-bodied men between the ages of 20 and 45 to military conscription

Question 21

Which of the following was the LEAST influential in bringing about Andrew Jackson’s victory in the presidential election of 1828?

Answer 21

Jackson’s defense of Native American property rights

• Americans did not really care about the Native American property rights especially with their greed -Believed in Manifest Destiny ideals
• Wanted to conquer as much as possible so they could get more money and land

Question 22

The Force Act of 1832 was passed in response to

Answer 22

The Tariff/Nullification Crisis

-Andrew Jackson passed the Force Act of 1832 in order to authorize military action against South Carolina who wished to nullify the new taxes and threatened to secede

Question 23

Alexis de Tocqueville, a Frenchman traveling through the US and commenting on society, attributed American social mobility to

Answer 23

The lack of an aristocracy and the availability of frontier land

• Was moved and deeply influenced by the lack of aristocracy
• France was large in aristocracy
• Saw limitless land which was available west
• Believe it would lead to American opportunity for self advancement

Question 24

Which of the following changes in westward migration occurred in 1848?

Answer 24

Oregon territory decreased while the number headed for California greatly increased

• Gold was found which attracted people
• Occurred in 1849 in San Francisco
• Hundreds of thousands of people from around the world, mostly young men, came to California
• Desired instant riches

Question 25

Supreme Court Decisions concerning Native Americans in 1831 and 1832

Answer 25

Denied them the right to sue in federal court, but affirmed their rights to land that was traditionally theirs

• Ruling was that since they are different nations (but not completely sovereign) from the US, they have no right to sue
• Stated that Native Americans had the rights to the land they originally settled on

Question 26

In the 1830’s, Southern states passed a number of laws regarding the behavior of free blacks. These laws were intended to

Answer 26

Encourage free blacks to migrate to the North

• Southern states didn’t approve of free blacks within their states due to racism, work-competition, and possible rebellions
• Wanted to rid the free blacks of the South and send them to the North where they wouldn’t be able to disrupt the South’s society

Question 27

As a result of the Missouri Compromise

Answer 27

Slavery was banned north of 36° 30’ in the Louisiana Purchase territory

• Henry Clay draws a line across the Louisiana Territory
• Any new state (except Missouri) north of this would not be allowed to permit slavery, any state below this line would be allowed to have slavery

Question 28

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall’s rulings limited the extent of

Answer 28

States’ rights

• McCulloch said Congress could use the “necessary and proper” clause as authority to pass legislation without needing specific constitutional anarchy
• Cohens said the U.S. Supreme Court could review the constitutionality of state court criminal convictions
• Gibbons said the “commerce” clause provided congress with the power to regulate interstate commerce

Question 29

All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise EXCEPT that

Answer 29

Sectionalism was reduced

• Excessive regard for sectional or local interests
• Regional interest above national interest
• Leads to the Civil War
• Demonstrated its growing influence when Missouri (who wanted slavery to be legal) applied for statehood in 1817
• North did not want to South to have more political influence over them

Question 30

John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a “corrupt bargain” when he appointed _______________ to become__________ .

Answer 30

Henry Clay, Secretary of State

• As a candidate for the presidency in 1824, Clay had the fourth largest number of electoral votes
• No candidate had majority
• Election went to the House, where the three highest were to be voted upon
• Despite the Western interests of Andrew Jackson and despite the instructions of the Kentucky legislature to vote for him, Adam’s dislike for the military hero was so intense that he voted for Clay
• When President Adams appointed Clay Secretary of State, Jackson’s friends cried “corrupt bargain” and charged Clay with political collusion
• Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock
• Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.

Question 31

The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was

Answer 31

the South

• Opposed the Tariff of Abomination, considering to nullify it in 1830
• Against protectionism, which was putting taxes on imported goods via tariff
• Bought many English-made goods which was what the Tariff of 1828 was directly targeting

Question 32

Andrew Jackson’s veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was

Answer 32

A major expansion of presidential power

• Firmly inserted himself in the legislative process by vetoing the bill
• Effectively ended the National Bank

Question 33

Americans moved into Texas

Answer 33

After an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin

• New nation includes what is today,Texas, much of the Southwest, and California
• Because Mexico had a small population, American’s were encouraged to move to ranch to validate American claims
• Government of Mexico promised free or cheap land to US settlers if they agreed to abide by the Mexican laws
• Ranchers are supposed to come WITHOUT slaves, learn Spanish, become Catholic, and become Mexican citizens

Question 34

Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because

Answer 34

Antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery

• Abolitionists in the North were opposed to it, since they feared the entry of another slave state (which Texas would undoubtedly be) into the Union
• Would have had too many conflicts with the antislavery groups in the United States that opposed the expansion of the slavery
• Hesitated in doing so with the new Texas Republic which was an independent sovereign nation

Question 35

In the case Marbury v. Madison 1803,

Answer 35

the Supreme Court declared an Act of Congress Unconstitutional, therefore giving the power of the Supreme Court, Judicial Review, or the power to nullify federal laws.

• Illustrates the power of the Supreme Court
• Depends of the interpretation of the Constitution
• First decision by the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
• Adams made Midnight Appointments including Marbury
• Madison refused to deliver commission so Marbury sued
• Marshal wrote the Judiciary Act of 1789 stating it as unconstitutional because it the gave the Supreme Court authority that was denied it by Article III of the Constitution.
• Power of the Supreme Court, Judicial Review, or the nullification of federal laws was given during the Marbury vs. Madison case

Question 36

The Federalist power lost control of the American Political Sphere after 1800, and disintegrated after the Hartford Convention, Federalist tendencies in government remained in the Judicial branch because of the fact that Supreme Court Justices and other federal judges serve life terms; this is evidenced by

Answer 36

The many instances where the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Federal Authority over States’ Authority!

• Federalist favored federal authority and they did not believe that the states should be able to have any type of strong authority
• Federal authority is put above state authority

Question 37

The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was

Answer 37

The removal by the US Army

-Jackson adopted a paternalistic attitude toward the Indians
-Encouraged various tribes to accept a federal offer of land west of the Mississippi where, he promised, they would enjoy complete sovereignty
-Jackson coerced numerous tribes to abandon some 100 million acres of Indian lands and settle in the West
“Trail of Tears”
-Wanted to create more space for the common man to live and make business.
-Had a good amount of control over the army because he was a great military leader before he was president
-Promptly gable to get rid of the Native Americans

Question 38

The Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 38

Granted the US the Florida Territory

• Also known as the Florida Treaty or Transcontinental Treaty
• Jackson was commander of chief in the Southern forces
• Florida is Spain territory
• Slaves were promised that slaves that in Florida they were free starting a war
• Jackson writes a letter to Monroe saying that the Spanish army is subjugated
• Monroe sent Adams to Spain to negotiated with Spain get million to get Florida
• US received the Florida territory in exchange for a boundary between the US and New Spain (Mexico)

Question 39

The first great federal transportation project was

Answer 39

The construction of national roads

• First great federal transportation project was building a road the stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling Virginia
• Better for travelers than transporters of freight
• Constructed in 1811

Question 40

The construction boom of the canal networks in the North

Answer 40

I, II, III, IV, V

The construction boom of the canal networks in the North DID connect the Northeast to the breadbasket of the Midwest (I) and did much to kick-start the development of the Market Economy in America (II), as well as provided a new money industry (IV). But, the construction of the canal networks also made urbanization of the Northeast possible. This was because of all of the new jobs being created in the area pushed the need for a long term settlement. It was not done a great deal in the south (V). though this makes sense, it is only a partially correct answer. This construction also led to an expanding market and the need for new communities. With the construction of the canal system, new communities began to appear and it made the development of the Northeast possible. The building of the canal systems in the Northwest also did much to create an economic boom and spawned the opportunity for communities to develop.

Question 41

The Monroe Doctrine issued by President James Monroe in the 1823

Answer 41

All of these!

• If Europe interfered with states in North or South America, it would be considered acts of aggression and the U.S. would have to intervene to defend the Freedom of other nations
• Free newly independent colonies from European intervention
• United States did not want to interfere with European colonies nor meddle in the concerns of their countries because they knew they had little power compared to Europe
• Worked in agreement with Britain
• Both the United States and Britain were concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas
• Monroe knew that he could depend on the British navy to keep other European nations out of the Americas
• Many Latin American countries were on the verge of becoming independent from Spain and the United States hoped to avoid having any European power take Spain’s colonies
• United States would eventually throw the last remnants of the Spanish Empire out of the hemisphere
• Known as the Spanish-American War of 1898

Question 42

The group of Native Americans that lived in the Southeast and attempted to assimilate into white culture were the

Answer 42

Cherokee

• Cherokee tried using the American political system to sue for their rights
• The Cherokee people tried to assimilate into the white culture
• Denied because they were not white
• Mainly lived in “Northern” states, along with Georgia and Alabama
• Suffer 4000 losses on the Trail of Tears as part of the Indian Removal Act of 1830

Question 43

The Nullification Crisis occurred in the State of ________ because they rejected a federal tariff, seeing it as benefiting Northern Industrial Manufacturers and hurting the South because now goods would cost more than the Free Market, without government interventions like tariffs, would dictate!

Answer 43

South Carolina

• Said the excessive taxes they would have to pay were unfair since their economy was agriculturally based and that the northern industries would only benefit
• South Carolina was afraid that the taxes would grow the North’s economy which will allow them to have more power in the government
• Fear in the outlaw of slavery
• Located in the South, therefore negatively affected by the federal tariff because goods now cost more, and their economy was more agriculturally based

Question 44

The Supreme Court Case __________ denied the State of Georgia the right to take Cherokee land.

Answer 44

Worcester v. Georgia

1832.-The missionaries Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler were arrested by Georgia because of their opposition to the Cherokee removal. George Rockingham Gilmer, governor of Georgia, persuaded fed. gov. to withdraw Worcester’s appointment to make him subject to arrest. Even if they had applied for state licenses, they still would’ve been denied. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) struck down Georgia’s law. Because the Cherokees argued that the laws violated their sovereign rights with the US. This was a case in which Georgia wanted to relocate native americans westward, but the supreme court stated that only the federal government had control over native americans not each state.

Question 45

In response to the Supreme Court denying states from taking Cherokee land Jackson

Answer 45

Nullified the Supreme Court’s ruling by removing Indians to Oklahoma with the US military

Correct, because Jackson was an advocate for the removal of Indians to Oklahoma and for the common man (doesn’t include blacks, native americans, and other ethnic/religious minorities), he saw the Indian removal as a way for white settlers to produce cotton

Question 46

From Jackson’s response to the Nullification Crisis when South Carolina nullified a federal tariff, it seems obvious

Answer 46

Jackson was a strong states’ rights advocate, but saw the states’ powers as limited and not sovereign.

Jackson believed that South Carolina should do something about the tariff, since they didn’t have power to do much, so forth they used the army, and force act, so that way there would be no uprising.

Question 47

The “Trail of Tears” refers to

Answer 47

The removal of Indians in the East from the homelands

The “Trail of Tears” is the forced movement of Cherokee Indians in 1838 to the land west
of Mississippi River forced by the U.S. Army; it lasted 116 days and was 1,000 miles long,
many Indians died along the way

Question 48

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 48

I, II, III, IV, only

The Second Great Awakening had a huge impact on society in the US. It brought a rebirth of religion from that point on. It resulted in an establishment of religious schools and other types of establishments that are still used to this day to inform, preach, and spread awareness. Many other reform movements were also a result from the Second Great Awakening because of its intense sense of evangelicalism. Abolition movements, temperance societies, and feminist movements were created from this sense of purifying America. This fact makes “V” false because it had a major impact on society.

Question 49

The Reform Movement in the 1800s

Answer 49

I, II, III, IV only

The Reform Movement was influenced by the Second Great Awakening, reformed hospitals, insane asylums, prisons, orphanages, sought to end drinking and gambling, sought to limit slavery, and also caused some states to institute public education.

Question 50

The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution was

Answer 50

The refusal of Texans to accept Mexican citizenship and abide by Mexican law

The Texans wanted to expand and separate from the Mexican nation. Some Americans wanted to become part of the United States.

Question 51

The Mexican American War 1846-1848, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 51

All of these

The United States won the war and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The treaty gave the U.S. lands that would become the states of Arizona, California, New Mexico,Nevada, Utah, southwestern Colorado, and southwestern Wyoming. Mexico received 15 million dollars and gave up its claims to Texas. The slavery debate in the United States became more intense with the addition of the new territory and the question of whether slavery would be legal in these new territories. Abolitionists saw the war as an attempt by the slave states to extend slavery and enhance their power when additional slave states were created out of the soon-to-be-acquired Mexican lands. The United States at the time had a high desire for expanding land and claiming and owning texas, especially since the Louisiana territory purchase. One main reason why the Mexican American War occurred was because of the annexation of Texas in 1845. Texas was part of Mexico when mexico gained independence from Spain. Then American settlers began settling here. Then when there were many settlers, disputes led to the4 Texas Revolution which led to Texas gaining Independence. Mexico refused to recognize the Republic of Texas as an independent country. That is when the United States annexed Texas. The Texas mexican border still remained in dispute. The Mexican government defined the south and west border of Texas at the Nueces River. Texas, who was now backed by the U.S. declared that the Rio Grande was its southern border, a claim that increased the size of Texas by almost 200 percent. Mexico responded to the Texans’ belligerent declaration by breaking off diplomatic ties with the United States. This move set in motion a series of events that changed the pattern of Western expansion, foreign relations with Mexico, and American politics. A war being seen in the future, Polk ordered American troops into the disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande. Then Polk sat back and waited for any of these forms of provocation to prompt the Mexicans to fight back. When they did not respond as he had anticipated, Polk decided to declare war on Mexico anyway. On 9 May 1846, however, before he took action on his own, Polk received word that Mexican soldiers had crossed the Rio Grande and killed eleven Americans patrolling the disputed area. He sent the official declaration of war to Congress two days later.

Question 52

The Compromise of 1850

Answer 52

I, II, III, IV, only

I. Admitted California to the Union as Free State
II. Nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing the New Mexico and Utah Territories to decide by popular sovereignty whether or not to allow slavery
III. Required the North to enforce Fugitive Slave Laws and return Runaways to the South
IV. Abolished the Slave Trade in Washington DC

Question 53

During the 1800’s the most common form of resistance to slavery by slaves themselves was

Answer 53

Working slowly and breaking tools

It worked because it slowed down work production greatly. When masters would increase their workload and harshness, the slaves sought to sabotage production. The slave owners did not stop them because it would risk a further widespread breaks in production. Led to negotiation

Question 54

“Build, therefore, your own world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx of the spirit.”

The 1836 passage above exemplifies which of the following intellectual trends.

Answer 54

Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation. It help established national pride and unity.

Question 55

Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because

Answer 55

Expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections

Correct, because white male suffrage allowed all white men to vote. It became the norm as a result of the transformation of politics for the common white man after the Era of Good Feelings which was strongly advocated by Jackson.

Question 56

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830’s and 1840’s was

Answer 56

The separation of economic production from the home and family life

In the 1830’s there was a huge influx of immigrants and all throughout the 1840’s. This made more jobs for people which meant they left home to do those jobs, and not jobs like farming and agricultural jobs.

Question 57

Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States partly because he believed that the bank

Answer 57

Concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people

Jackson and his advisors carefully crafted a veto that would not anger the public and therefore would not cost the Democrats support in the fall election. He was convinced that the Bank was not only unconstitutional–as Jefferson and his followers had long maintained–but that its concentrated financial power represented a dire threat to popular liberty.

Question 58

“We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, not a single right.” George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857
The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that

Answer 58

Slaves lived better than northern factory workers

Planter aristocracy dominated the economy and produced a stable crop through slave labor. However, most white lived a small existence on small farms… not plantations…and without slaves.

• Cotton is King was 57% of total U.S. exports.
• Very slow industrialization.
• Rudimentary financial system.
• Inadequate transportation system.

Question 59

The role of women expresses in the cult of domesticity that it had its roots in

Answer 59

Republican motherhood

Promotes the idea that women are the “center of the family”. Centers around belief that daughters of American patriots should be raised to uphold Republican ideas. Role of the woman should be to carry on these ideas to children and future. Belief that family and individual life is most fulfilling when experienced in a private household where women are chief homemakers and caregivers. The notion of “republican motherhood” was given for women in the early republic. By the early nineteenth century, a different perception emerged—the cult of domesticity, which expanded and emphasized the separation of work and home.

Question 60

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848?

Answer 60

Possession of California and most of the southwest

This treaty was negotiated by the chief clerk of the State Department, Nicholas P. Trist, after a few failed attempts at an armistice. The treaty was very successful, giving America claim to Texas, and all of the land west of Texas stretching up to Oregon, including California. The U.S. paid $15 million for the land, which increased the size of the country by about 1/3. Some were resentful of the victory over Mexico and the terms of the treaty because they thought that the U.S. should get all of Mexico. Others were angry because they thought Polk hadn’t followed the “Anglo-Saxon spirit of fair play.”

Question 61

The United States House of Representatives responded to abolitionist agitation in the 1830s by

Answer 61

Banning discussion of antislavery petitions

The abolitionist movement wanted to end racial discrimination and slavery. It was aimed at eliminating slavery and segregation which the House of Representatives very much opposed. In attempt at ending the movement, they banned the discussion of antislavery petitions so that they would no longer have to deal with the issue.