Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SP14 Anatomy > Final Histo - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Final Histo - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principle functions of the respiratory system; as well as two other functions

A 
air conduction
air filtration
gas exchange (respiration)
speech
olfactory sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two FUNCTIONAL divisions of the respiratory system

A

conducting division

respiratory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This division of the functional division of the respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bonchi, and bronchioles

A

conducting division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This division of the functional division of the respiratory system consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and aveoli

A

respiratory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This division of the functional division of the respiratory system deals mostly with the air passageways to and in the lungs

A

conducting division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This division of the functional division of the respiratory system is where gas exchange takes place

A

respiratory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These blood vessels enter the lung with the bronchi and branch as they follow the bronchiole tree

A

pulmonary blood vessels; from right side of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the pulmonary vessels end up

A

with the pulmonary capillaries in contact with the alveoli; the primary site of gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is meant by the air being conditioned as it passes through the air passages

A

warming, moistening, and the removal of particulate materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of secretions play a significant role in conditioning

A

mucous and serous

it moistens the air, traps particles, and prevents dehydration of the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the mucous of the respiratory system come from

A

goblet cells and mucous secreting glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is located on the respiratory epithelium and its job is to sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the pharynx to be swallowed

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells are found in respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated columnar cells
goblet cells
basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is a loose cognitive tissue layer containing blood vessels which warm the air and mucous glands

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is a connective tissue layer slightly denser than lamina propia containing blood vessels and glands

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is composed of connective tissue that binds component to adjacent structures

A

adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus and is a passageway for food and air

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the pharynx

A

respiratory epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the divisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which divisions of the pharynx are a food and air passageway? strictly an air passageway?

A

food and air = oropharynx and laryngopharynx

air only = nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of tissue is found in the nasopharynx

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of tissue is found in the oropharynx and laryngopharyx

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is a passageway for air between the laryngopharynx and trachea; conducts air and serves as the speech organ

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of epithelium covers the larynx

A

respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What type of epithelium covers the vocal cords and epiglottis

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the purpose of the cartilages of the larynx

A

maintaining open airway
sound production
valve during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What cartilages of the larynx are made out of hyaline cartilage

A

thyroid

cricoid

29
Q

What cartilages of the larynx are made out of elastic cartilage

A

epiglottis
cuneiform
corniculate

30
Q

What cartilage of the larynx is made out of both hyaline and elastic cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

31
Q

This is the short flexible air tube, 10 cm long

A

trachea

32
Q

What is used to keep the trachea patent (clear)

A

C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; the C opens to the posterior

33
Q

How many C shaped cartilaginous rings are found in humans

A

16-20

34
Q

What does the tracheal cartilages and tracheal is muscle separate

A

submucosa from adventitia

35
Q

What does the trachea divide into at the end

A

two main (primary) bronchi

36
Q

What are the wall/layers of the trachea

A

mucosa
submucosa
cartilaginous layer with tracheal is muscle
adventitia

37
Q

What type of mucosa is found in the trachea

A

respiratory epithelium on a thick basement membrane

lamina propria with lots of elastic fibers

38
Q

What type of submucosa is found in the trachea

A

relatively loose connective tissue with submucosal glands

39
Q

What is the flow of air from the primary (main) bronchi

A

secondary (lobar) bronchi
tertiary (segmental) bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

40
Q

As the conducting system branches and the diameter becomes smaller, what else happens

A

amount of cartilage decreases
amount of smooth muscle increases
height of lining epithelium increases

41
Q

What is the diameter of the bronchioles

A

1mm or less

42
Q

Which primary bronchi is shorter, wider, and more vertical therefore a place where objects are more likely to get aspirated into

A

right main bronchus

43
Q

Which lung has two lobar bronchi

A

left

44
Q

Which lung has three lobar bronchi

A

right

45
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments (segmental bronchi) does the left lung have

A

8-10

46
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments (segmental bronchi) does the right lung have

A

10

47
Q

What is special about the bronchopulmonary segments

A

They have their own blood supply and connective tissue septa; which makes it convenient for surgical resection of a segment

48
Q

As the bronchi enter the lungs, what happens to the cartilage rings

A

they are replaced by plates/slivers of hyaline cartilage and disappear when it becomes a bronchiole

49
Q

As the bronchi enter the lungs, what happens to the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi

A

it increases as cartilage disappears; forming a complete circumferential layer called the muscularis

50
Q

What happens to the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells as diameter of the bronchi decreases

A

the height decreases

51
Q

What makes up the mucosa of the bronchi

A

respiratory epithelium; primary bronchi hace a basement membrane
lamina propria

52
Q

What is found in the submucosa of larger bronchi

A

glands

53
Q

What changes does the epithelium undergo as it transitions into bronchioles

A

changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to ciliated simple columnar epithelium to ciliated simple cubodial epithelium

54
Q

These are present in the largest of bronchioles but not present in terminal bronchioles

A

goblet cells

55
Q

What type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles

A

ciliated simple cubodial epithelium

56
Q

The terminal bronchioles lead to what

A

respiratory bronchioles

57
Q

From the terminal bronchioles, where does the air flow

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

58
Q

Clara cells of the terminal bronchiole does what

A

secretes lipoprotein that prevents bronchiolar wall adhesion

59
Q

These are a small bundle of cubodial epithelium on a bundle of eosinophilic material, has both ciliated and clara cells

A

respiratory bronchiole

60
Q

These are elongated airways have almost no walls in a tube form; rings of smooth muscle are present in the knob-like interalveolar septa

A

alveolar ducts

61
Q

These are spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli at the termination of the alveolar duct, a common opening of alveoli

A

alveolar sacs

62
Q

There are between 150-250 million per adult lung, each is approximately 0.2mm in diameter

A

alveoli

63
Q

This type of alveolar cells are called alveolar surface epithelium cells; squamous cells; lines 95% of alveolar surface

A

type 1 alveolar cells

64
Q

These are called septal cells; cubodial cells; covering approx. 5% of alveolar surface

A

type 2 alveolar cells

65
Q

What does type 2 alveolar cells discharge

A

phospholipid called surfactant which keeps the alveoli from collapsing with successive exhalation

66
Q

These are known as dust cells, can be found in the connective tissue of septum and in the air space of alveoli; phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and RBCd

A

alveolar macrophages

67
Q

These compose the wall of capillary

A

endothelial cells

68
Q

These produce elastic fibers

A

fibroblasts

69
Q

What is the barrier of the respiratory membrane between the alveolus and blood of the capillary

A

surface lining and cytoplasm of the alveolar cells
fused basal laminae of the alveolar cells and capillary endothelial cells
cytoplasm of the endothelial cells

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions