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SP14 Anatomy > EX2 Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

EX2 Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the opening and the exit of the stomach

A

cardiac orfice; entrance from esophagus

pyloric sphincter; exit to duodenum

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2
Q

What are the temporary folds in the stomach

A

rugae

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of the stomach

A

mixing of the mass of food (bolus)
beginning the enzymatic digestion
chyme production

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4
Q

This is the first section of the small intestine, is retroperitoneal, and fixed/relatively immobile

A

duodenum

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5
Q

These portions of the small intestine are tethered by root of mesentery proper but are very mobile

A

jéjunum and ileum

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6
Q

These are permanent folds within the intestine; are more prominent in the jejunum

A

plicae circularis

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7
Q

The ileum empties into the cecum at which junction

A

ileocecal junction

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8
Q

What is the name of the arterial loops in the jejunum and ileum

A

arterial arcades

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9
Q

This is a remnant of embryonic yolk sac appearing as a finger like pouch located 1m proximal to ileocecal valve

A

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

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10
Q

What is the clinical significance of Meckel’s diverticulum

A

may become inflamed and mimic appendicitis

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11
Q

This opens into the cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice; commonly retrocecal

A

veriform appendix

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12
Q

What type of mesentery covers the appendix

A

triangular mesentary –> mesoappendix

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13
Q

Appendicitis causes vague pain where?

A

the periumbilical region; afferent pain referred to T10 level

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14
Q

Appendicitis causes severe pain where?

A

later from the right lower quadrant; from the irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall (pain where inflammation is found)

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15
Q

Where is the pain most severe with appendicitis

A

over spinoumbilical point between the ASIS and umbilicus

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16
Q

This is divided into 5 segments and 2 flexures

A

large intestine (colon)

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17
Q

What are the 5 segments of the colon

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
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18
Q

What are the flexures of the transverse colon

A 
right colic (hepatic)
left colic (splenic)
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19
Q

Where does the large intestine terminate into

A

the rectum

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20
Q

What frames the small intestines

A

the colon

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21
Q

These are 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling the length of the colon

A

teniae coli

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22
Q

These are outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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23
Q

These are fat tags found along the colon

A

epiploic appendages

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24
Q

What are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta starting with the most superior

A

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

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25
This artery supplies the liver, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and the spleen
celiac trunk
26
What are the branches of the celiac trunk
common hepatic left gastric splenic artery
27
This artery sends 15-18 intestinal arteries to the small intestine and supplies the proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
superior mesenteric artery
28
What branches of superior mesenteric supply the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
ileocolic right colic middle colic
29
This artery supplies the colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Inferior mesenteric artery
30
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
left colic sigmoid (4) superior rectal
31
True or False | The patterns of SMA and IMA branching is variable
True; anastomoses are important
32
Collateral circulation of the lower abdomen is supplied by which anastomoses
colic branches
33
The consistent vascular arc around the colon is supplied by what
marginal artery of Drummond
34
Which organ is a major site of anastomoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
pancreas
35
What artery besides SMA/IMA anastomose in the pancreas
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery | posterior superior pacreacticoduodenal artery (branch of gastroduodenal artery)
36
This paired artery sends lateral branches of abdominal aorta (lateral to SMA) which enter the hilum of each kidney to supply it
renal artery (left and right)
37
What are the branches of the renal artery
sends branches to adrenal glands and ureters
38
What are the branches of the adrenal glands
branches from renal artery | branches from inferior phrenic artery and aorta
39
This paired artery sends lateral branches of abdominal aorta inferior to renal arteries
gonadal artery (left and right)
40
These arteries cross over ureters and iliac vessels and descends to plevis to supply ovaries
ovarian arteries (found only in females)
41
These arteries cross over utters and enter inguinal canal and descends into scrotum to supply testes
testicular arteries (found only in males)
42
What gonadal artery is typically found to be more superior than the other
left gonadal artery
43
This is the largest vein in the body it begins at roughly the L5 level at the union of common iliac veins
inferior vena cava
44
What does the inferior vena cava transport and to where
returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, and abdominopelvic viscera to the right atrium
45
Where does the blood from the viscera drain to
portal venous system
46
There are how many portal-cava anastomoses
four
47
The portal gastric vein anastomoses with which caval vein
esophageal vein
48
The caval epigrastric vein anastomoses with which portal vein
paraumbilical vein
49
The portal superior rectal vein anastomoses with which caval vein
middle/inferior rectal vein
50
The caval retroperitoneal vein anastomoses with which portal vein
colic vein
51
True or False | The portal system has no valves
True; reverse flow is possible into the cabal veins
52
Reversal of the blood flow from the portal venous system to the caval venous system can lead to what
restriction of blood flow resulting in engorged cabal veins | may become dilated and varicose and easily nicked
53
Dilated esophageal veins produce what
esophageal varices
54
Dilated epigastric veins produce what
caput medusae
55
Dilated inferior and middle rectal veins produce what
hemorrhoids
56
The innervation to the viscera is via what nerve plexus
autonomic; parasympathetic/sympathetic
57
Where do the sympathetic fibers that supply the abdomen originate
T5-L2(3) | thoracolumbar
58
Where do the parasympathetic fibers that supply the abdomen originate
CN X and S2-4 | craniospinal
59
The preganglionic splanchnic nerves synapse where
collateral (prevertebral) ganglia
60
Postganglionic fibers leave the ganglia and travel where to reach what
travel with the main arterial branches (celiac truck, IMA, SMA, renal, etc.) the effector organs
61
This is the name of the axons from the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
greater (running with celiac trunk) lesser (running with SMA) least (running with IMA)
62
In which gland would you find postganglionic cell bodies
adrenal gland
63
Preganglionic parasymapthetic nerves from what travel on the celiac trunk, SMA, renal artery and their branches
CN X
64
Preganglionic parasymapthetic nerves from what travel on the IMA and branches
S2-S4
65
Where to the synapses of the parasympathetic division occur
within the effector organs
66
This plexus travels with celiac branches
celiac ganglion
67
This plexus travels with SMA branches
superior mesenteric ganglion
68
This plexus travels with renal branches
aorticorenal ganglion
69
This plexus travels with IMA branches
inferior mesenteric ganglion
70
The celiac, SM, and aorticorenal ganglion receive what nerve branches
thoracic splanchnic and CN X branches
71
The IM ganglion receives what nerve branches
lumbar splanchnic and S2-S4 branches

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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