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SP14 Anatomy > EX2 Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

EX2 Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the opening and the exit of the stomach

A

cardiac orfice; entrance from esophagus

pyloric sphincter; exit to duodenum

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2
Q

What are the temporary folds in the stomach

A

rugae

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of the stomach

A

mixing of the mass of food (bolus)
beginning the enzymatic digestion
chyme production

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4
Q

This is the first section of the small intestine, is retroperitoneal, and fixed/relatively immobile

A

duodenum

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5
Q

These portions of the small intestine are tethered by root of mesentery proper but are very mobile

A

jéjunum and ileum

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6
Q

These are permanent folds within the intestine; are more prominent in the jejunum

A

plicae circularis

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7
Q

The ileum empties into the cecum at which junction

A

ileocecal junction

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8
Q

What is the name of the arterial loops in the jejunum and ileum

A

arterial arcades

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9
Q

This is a remnant of embryonic yolk sac appearing as a finger like pouch located 1m proximal to ileocecal valve

A

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

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10
Q

What is the clinical significance of Meckel’s diverticulum

A

may become inflamed and mimic appendicitis

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11
Q

This opens into the cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice; commonly retrocecal

A

veriform appendix

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12
Q

What type of mesentery covers the appendix

A

triangular mesentary –> mesoappendix

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13
Q

Appendicitis causes vague pain where?

A

the periumbilical region; afferent pain referred to T10 level

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14
Q

Appendicitis causes severe pain where?

A

later from the right lower quadrant; from the irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall (pain where inflammation is found)

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15
Q

Where is the pain most severe with appendicitis

A

over spinoumbilical point between the ASIS and umbilicus

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16
Q

This is divided into 5 segments and 2 flexures

A

large intestine (colon)

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17
Q

What are the 5 segments of the colon

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
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18
Q

What are the flexures of the transverse colon

A 
right colic (hepatic)
left colic (splenic)
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19
Q

Where does the large intestine terminate into

A

the rectum

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20
Q

What frames the small intestines

A

the colon

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21
Q

These are 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling the length of the colon

A

teniae coli

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22
Q

These are outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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23
Q

These are fat tags found along the colon

A

epiploic appendages

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24
Q

What are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta starting with the most superior

A

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

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25
Q

This artery supplies the liver, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and the spleen

A

celiac trunk

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26
Q

What are the branches of the celiac trunk

A

common hepatic
left gastric
splenic artery

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27
Q

This artery sends 15-18 intestinal arteries to the small intestine and supplies the proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

A

superior mesenteric artery

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28
Q

What branches of superior mesenteric supply the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

A

ileocolic
right colic
middle colic

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29
Q

This artery supplies the colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

30
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

left colic
sigmoid (4)
superior rectal

31
Q

True or False

The patterns of SMA and IMA branching is variable

A

True; anastomoses are important

32
Q

Collateral circulation of the lower abdomen is supplied by which anastomoses

A

colic branches

33
Q

The consistent vascular arc around the colon is supplied by what

A

marginal artery of Drummond

34
Q

Which organ is a major site of anastomoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

A

pancreas

35
Q

What artery besides SMA/IMA anastomose in the pancreas

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

posterior superior pacreacticoduodenal artery (branch of gastroduodenal artery)

36
Q

This paired artery sends lateral branches of abdominal aorta (lateral to SMA) which enter the hilum of each kidney to supply it

A

renal artery (left and right)

37
Q

What are the branches of the renal artery

A

sends branches to adrenal glands and ureters

38
Q

What are the branches of the adrenal glands

A

branches from renal artery

branches from inferior phrenic artery and aorta

39
Q

This paired artery sends lateral branches of abdominal aorta inferior to renal arteries

A

gonadal artery (left and right)

40
Q

These arteries cross over ureters and iliac vessels and descends to plevis to supply ovaries

A

ovarian arteries (found only in females)

41
Q

These arteries cross over utters and enter inguinal canal and descends into scrotum to supply testes

A

testicular arteries (found only in males)

42
Q

What gonadal artery is typically found to be more superior than the other

A

left gonadal artery

43
Q

This is the largest vein in the body it begins at roughly the L5 level at the union of common iliac veins

A

inferior vena cava

44
Q

What does the inferior vena cava transport and to where

A

returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, and abdominopelvic viscera
to the right atrium

45
Q

Where does the blood from the viscera drain to

A

portal venous system

46
Q

There are how many portal-cava anastomoses

A

four

47
Q

The portal gastric vein anastomoses with which caval vein

A

esophageal vein

48
Q

The caval epigrastric vein anastomoses with which portal vein

A

paraumbilical vein

49
Q

The portal superior rectal vein anastomoses with which caval vein

A

middle/inferior rectal vein

50
Q

The caval retroperitoneal vein anastomoses with which portal vein

A

colic vein

51
Q

True or False

The portal system has no valves

A

True; reverse flow is possible into the cabal veins

52
Q

Reversal of the blood flow from the portal venous system to the caval venous system can lead to what

A

restriction of blood flow resulting in engorged cabal veins

may become dilated and varicose and easily nicked

53
Q

Dilated esophageal veins produce what

A

esophageal varices

54
Q

Dilated epigastric veins produce what

A

caput medusae

55
Q

Dilated inferior and middle rectal veins produce what

A

hemorrhoids

56
Q

The innervation to the viscera is via what nerve plexus

A

autonomic; parasympathetic/sympathetic

57
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibers that supply the abdomen originate

A

T5-L2(3)

thoracolumbar

58
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers that supply the abdomen originate

A

CN X and S2-4

craniospinal

59
Q

The preganglionic splanchnic nerves synapse where

A

collateral (prevertebral) ganglia

60
Q

Postganglionic fibers leave the ganglia and travel where to reach what

A

travel with the main arterial branches (celiac truck, IMA, SMA, renal, etc.)
the effector organs

61
Q

This is the name of the axons from the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies

A

greater (running with celiac trunk)
lesser (running with SMA)
least (running with IMA)

62
Q

In which gland would you find postganglionic cell bodies

A

adrenal gland

63
Q

Preganglionic parasymapthetic nerves from what travel on the celiac trunk, SMA, renal artery and their branches

A

CN X

64
Q

Preganglionic parasymapthetic nerves from what travel on the IMA and branches

A

S2-S4

65
Q

Where to the synapses of the parasympathetic division occur

A

within the effector organs

66
Q

This plexus travels with celiac branches

A

celiac ganglion

67
Q

This plexus travels with SMA branches

A

superior mesenteric ganglion

68
Q

This plexus travels with renal branches

A

aorticorenal ganglion

69
Q

This plexus travels with IMA branches

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

70
Q

The celiac, SM, and aorticorenal ganglion receive what nerve branches

A

thoracic splanchnic and CN X branches

71
Q

The IM ganglion receives what nerve branches

A

lumbar splanchnic and S2-S4 branches

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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