EX2 The Peritoneum and Upper Abdomen

Question 1

This is a thin, translucent, serous membrane where vessels tend to travel between the layers

Answer 1

peritoneum

Question 2

What is the peritoneal sac

Answer 2

all visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes

Question 3

What is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

a potential space within the peritoneal sac
contains serous fluid
allows organs to move freely

Question 4

True or False

The peritoneal cavity may become filled with fluid

Answer 4

True; it can fill with fluid (ascites) and can cause disease and/or injury/infection

Question 5

This attaches to the greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon; it drapes over the small intestine

Answer 5

greater omentum

Question 6

The greater omentum serves to do what

Answer 6

it can wall off infections and inflammation site; an form adhesions

Question 7

This ligament is the largest portion of the greater omentum and consist of 2 double layers –> 4 layers total

Answer 7

gastrocolic ligament

Question 8

This attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum and connect to the liver

Answer 8

lesser omentum

Question 9

What are the two ligaments associated with the lesser omentum

Answer 9

hepatogastric ligament (liver to stomach)
hepatodueodenal ligament (lifer to deodenum)

Question 10

This ligament contains the portal triad

Answer 10

Hepatoduodenal ligament

it contains the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct

Question 11

This anchors most of the small intestine to posterior abdomen wall; running diagonally from duodenojejunal junction to ileocecal junction

Answer 11

mesentery proper

Question 12

This fibromuscular ligament descends from the right crus of diaphragm crossing over the left crus and holds the duodenum in place (preventing sagging)

Answer 12

suspensory ligament of Treitz

Question 13

This anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 13

mesocolon

Question 14

True or False

The ascending and descending colon have no mesentery; they are anchored directly to the posterior wall

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The transverse and sigmoid colons are anchored by what type of mesocolon

Answer 15

transverse colon –> transverse mesocolon

sigmoid colon –> sigmoid mesocolon

Question 16

True or False

The rectum is fully covered with peritoneum

Answer 16

False; it is only partially covered

Question 17

This divides the liver into right and left lobes; anchors the liver to the diaphragm and anterior body wall

Answer 17

falciform ligament

Question 18

This is an inferior extension of the falciform ligament of which contains the obliterated umbilical vein

Answer 18

round ligament

Question 19

This is a reflection of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver; attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 19

coronary ligament

Question 20

What are the single layered peritoneal folds

Answer 20

median umbilical fold
medial umbilical folds (2)
lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 21

The median umbilical fold covers what structure

Answer 21

fetal urachus

Question 22

The medial umbilical folds cover what structure

Answer 22

fetal umbilical artery

Question 23

The lateral umbilical folds cover what structure

Answer 23

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 24

True or False

potential peritoneal spaces in standing become actual spaces in recumbent patients

Answer 24

True; fluids can accumulate in these recesses

this is why it is important to move bedridden patients

Question 25

What are the peritoneal pouches that can become spaces in recumbent patients

Answer 25

hepatorenal pouch | rectovesical or retrouterine pouch

Question 26

This pouch is bounded by the liver, right kidney, colon, and duodenum

Answer 26

hepatorenal pouch (pouch of Morrison)

Question 27

This pouch is between the rectum and bladder

Answer 27

rectovesical and rectouterine pouch

Question 28

True or False | fluids can move between the hepatorenal and rectovesical/rectouterine pouches

Answer 28

True

Question 29

This organ detoxifies chemical products and produces bile

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

This organ stores bile for the emulsification of fats

Answer 30

gallbladder

Question 31

This organ produces enzymes for digestion

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

This organ produces lymphocytes and filters blood

Answer 32

spleen

Question 33

This organ is attached to inferior surface of the liver; contacts the duodenum, colon, and AAW

Answer 33

gallbladder

Question 34

These bile ducts receive bile from the right and left lobes of the liver

Answer 34

right and left hepatic ducts

Question 35

This bile ducts receives the right and left hepatic ducts

Answer 35

common hepatic duct

Question 36

This bile duct is connected to the gall bladder

Answer 36

cystic duct

Question 37

This bile duct receives cystic and common hepatic ducts

Answer 37

common bile duct

Question 38

The common bile duct joins which duct and they empty where

Answer 38

joins to main pancreatic duct | empty into the major duodenal papilla

Question 39

This organ consists of a head, neck, tail, and uncinate process; its retroperitoneal and transverse across PAW; surrounded by C-chaped duodenum on the right and spleen on the left

Answer 39

pancreas

Question 40

The enzymes of the pancreas drain via what ducts

Answer 40

main pancreatic duct (empties into duodenum) | accessory pancreatic duct (superior to the major papilla

Question 41

True or False | The drainage of the pancreas is variable

Answer 41

True

Question 42

This organ contacts the diaphragm along ribs 9-11

Answer 42

spleen

Question 43

The celiac trunk is the 1st major branch of which artery and supplies what, with what branches

Answer 43

branch of abdominal aorta supplies liver, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen 3 branches --> common hepatic, left gastric, splenic

Question 44

The common hepatic artery is a branch of what, supplies what, with what branches

Answer 44

right branch of celiac trunk runs toward liver and gallbladder 2 branches --> proper hepatic and gastroduodenal

Question 45

The proper hepatic artery is a branch of what, runs toward where and supplies what (via what branches)

Answer 45

superior branch of common hepatic artery runs toward liver; medial to common bile duct and superficial to portal vein splits to R and L hepatic arteries supplying R and L lobes of the liver

Question 46

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of what, runs where and supplies what (via what branches)

Answer 46

inferior branch of common hepatic runs toward jxn of stomach and duodenum sends pancreaticoduocenal artery to pancreas and duodenum sends R gastroepiploic to greater curvature sends supraduodenal to superior duodenum

Question 47

The left gastric artery is a branch of what, runs to where, and supplies what (via what branches)

Answer 47

superior branch of celiac trunk runs left toward lesser curvature supplies stomach and esophagus via esophageal branches

Question 48

The splenic artery is a branch of what, runs to where, and supplies what (via what branches)

Answer 48

left branch of celiac trunk runs toward spleen; supplying pancreas and spleen sends short gastric artery and left gastroepiploic artery which supplies greater curvature

Question 49

True or False | The hepatic artery has few variations

Answer 49

False; the hepatic artery has a significant number of variations; roughly 40%

Question 50

What type of complications can arise from cystic artery variations

Answer 50

the cystic artery can run posterior/anterior to the common hepatic duct and complications can cause constrictions

Question 51

True or False | Even with variations in the right gastric artery, anastomoses are always maintained

Answer 51

True