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SP14 Anatomy > EX2 Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

EX2 Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

it stretches from the diaphragm to the pelvic brim (imaginary line between the superior iliac crests)

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2
Q

The abdomen is divided into nine regions, what are they

A 
right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lateral
umbilical
left lateral
right inguinal
pubic
left inguinal
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3
Q

True or False

Scarpa’s fascia is the superficial fascia; fatty layer

A

False; Scarpa’s fascia is the membraneous layer and Camper’s fascia is the fatty layer

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4
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall starting most superior

A 
skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
investing fascia
muscles (with investing fascia between each
endo-abdominal (transversalis) fascia
extra peritoneal fat
parietal peritoneum
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5
Q

What are the muscles of the abdomen

A 
Internal oblique
external oblique
transverse abdominus
rectus abdominus
pyramidalis
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6
Q

This is an aponeutrotic (tendinous) sheath that envelops rectus abdominus and pyramidalis

A

rectus sheath

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7
Q

The structure of the rectus sheath is relative to what?

A

the arcuate line (midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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8
Q

Superior to the arcuate line you can see what regarding the rectus sheath

A

You can see the anterior and posterior rectus sheath coming around and surrounding the rectus abdominus; it conjoins after crossing posterior to the muscle

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9
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

aponeuroses of external oblique and 1/2 internal oblique

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10
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

aponeuroses of 1/2 internal oblique, transverse abdominus, and transversalis fascia

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11
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus

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12
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line

A

transversalis fascia

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13
Q

The median umbilical fold extends where and what does it cover

A

extends from urinary bladder to umbilicus

covers median umbilical ligament

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14
Q

The medial umbilical folds are located where and what do they cover

A

they are located on either side of the median umbilical fold
covers medial umbilical ligaments
occluded portions of umbilical artery

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15
Q

The lateral umbilical folds are located where and what do the cover

A

located on either side of the medial umbilical folds and they cover the inferior epigastric vessels

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16
Q

The circumflex iliac artery is a branch of what and supplies which region

A

branch of femoral artery

supplies region of inguinal ligament

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17
Q

The epigastric artery is a branch of what and supplies which regions

A

branch of femoral artery

supplies abdomen inferior to umbilicus

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18
Q

The circumflex vein drains into what and from what region

A

drains into femoral vein

drains regions of inguinal ligament

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19
Q

The epigastric vein drains into what and from what region

A

drain into femoral vein

drains abdomen inferior to umbilicus

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20
Q

The superficial vessels of the abdomen are located/run in where?

A

superficial fat and fascia

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21
Q

The deep circumflex iliac vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what

A

branches of external iliac
runs between IO and TA
supplies inferior lateral abdominal muscles

22
Q

The inferior epigastric vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what

A

branches of external iliac
it enters the posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line
supplies lower rectus abdominus
**anastomoses with superior epigastric

23
Q

The superior epigastric vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what

A

branches of internal thoracic (mammary)
it enters poster rectus sheath lateral to sternum
supplies upper rectus abdominus
**anastomoses with inferior epigastric

24
Q

The musculophrenic vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what

A

branches of internal thoracic (mammary)
runs along costal cartilages
supplies upper abdominal muscle and diaphragm

25
Q

The deep circumflex and inferior epigastric veins drain into which vein

A

external iliac vein

26
Q

The superior epigastric and musculophrenic veins drain into which vein

A

internal thoracic vein

27
Q

These nerves supply the region above the umbilicus

A

T7, T8, and T9

ventral rami

28
Q

This nerve supplies the umbilical region

A

T10

ventral rami

29
Q

These nerves supply the region below umbilicus

A

T11, T12, L1

ventral rami

30
Q

The nerves of the abdomen run between which muscles

A

IO and TA

31
Q

Injury to nerves T11, T12, and L1 can do what

A

it can weaken the muscles in the inguinal region and predisposes an individual to inguinal hernias

32
Q

This region is inferior to lateral abdominal region, superior to thigh, medial to ilium, and lateral to pubic bone

A

inguinal region

33
Q

This is the folded inferior border of the EO aponeurosis and extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

34
Q

This is an obliquely set tunnel 3-5cm long from the transverse abdominal wall and running parallel and superior to inguinal ligament

A

inguinal canal

35
Q

In males, the inguinal canal contains what

A 
spermatic cord and its contents
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
36
Q

In females, the inguinal canal contains what

A 
round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
37
Q

The superficial ring is the opening in which aponeurosis and is located where

A

opening in EO aponeurosis

obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle

38
Q

The deep ring is the opening in which aponuerosis and located where

A

opening in transversals fascia

subtle piercing just lateral to inferior epigastic vessels

39
Q

What is the anterior/posterior wall, roof, and the floor of the inguinal canal

A

anterior wall –> EO aponeurosis
posterior wall –> transversals fascia and conjoin tendon
roof –> IO and TA muscles
floor –> inguinal ligament

40
Q

An abdominal hernia is an out pouching of what

A

out pouching of abdominal viscera within a sac; composed of peritoneum, extra peritoneal fat, and transversals fascia

41
Q

True or False

90% of hernias occur in inguinal region

A

True

42
Q

This type of inguinal hernia extends through entire inguinal canal lateral to the epigastric vessels

A

indirect inguinal hernia

43
Q

An indirect inguinal hernia commonly enters what structures in males and females

A

males –> scrotum; processus vaginalis
females –> labia majora; canal of Nuck
*more common in males than females

44
Q

This type of inguinal hernia extends through the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) and emerges through conjoint tendon by or at superficial ring medial to inferior epigastric vessels

A

direct inguinal hernia

45
Q

What structures make up the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s)

A

inferior epigastric artery
rectus abdominus muscle
inguinal ligament

46
Q

A direct inguinal hernia is usually associated with what

A

weakened abdominal wall

47
Q

This type of hernia extends through the femoral ring and canal; more common in females than males

A

femoral hernia

48
Q

This type of hernia extends through the umbilical ring; most common in newborns, females, and obese individuals

A

umbilical hernia

49
Q

The most common type of hernia is females is what

A

indirect inguinal

50
Q

This type of hernia extends through line alba; most common in people over 40 and associated with obesity

A

epigastric hernia

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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