EX2 Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity
it stretches from the diaphragm to the pelvic brim (imaginary line between the superior iliac crests)
The abdomen is divided into nine regions, what are they
right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac right lateral umbilical left lateral right inguinal pubic left inguinal
True or False
Scarpa’s fascia is the superficial fascia; fatty layer
False; Scarpa’s fascia is the membraneous layer and Camper’s fascia is the fatty layer
What are the layers of the abdominal wall starting most superior
skin Camper's fascia Scarpa's fascia investing fascia muscles (with investing fascia between each endo-abdominal (transversalis) fascia extra peritoneal fat parietal peritoneum
What are the muscles of the abdomen
Internal oblique external oblique transverse abdominus rectus abdominus pyramidalis
This is an aponeutrotic (tendinous) sheath that envelops rectus abdominus and pyramidalis
rectus sheath
The structure of the rectus sheath is relative to what?
the arcuate line (midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
Superior to the arcuate line you can see what regarding the rectus sheath
You can see the anterior and posterior rectus sheath coming around and surrounding the rectus abdominus; it conjoins after crossing posterior to the muscle
What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line
aponeuroses of external oblique and 1/2 internal oblique
What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line
aponeuroses of 1/2 internal oblique, transverse abdominus, and transversalis fascia
What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line
aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus
What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line
transversalis fascia
The median umbilical fold extends where and what does it cover
extends from urinary bladder to umbilicus
covers median umbilical ligament
The medial umbilical folds are located where and what do they cover
they are located on either side of the median umbilical fold
covers medial umbilical ligaments
occluded portions of umbilical artery
The lateral umbilical folds are located where and what do the cover
located on either side of the medial umbilical folds and they cover the inferior epigastric vessels
The circumflex iliac artery is a branch of what and supplies which region
branch of femoral artery
supplies region of inguinal ligament
The epigastric artery is a branch of what and supplies which regions
branch of femoral artery
supplies abdomen inferior to umbilicus
The circumflex vein drains into what and from what region
drains into femoral vein
drains regions of inguinal ligament
The epigastric vein drains into what and from what region
drain into femoral vein
drains abdomen inferior to umbilicus
The superficial vessels of the abdomen are located/run in where?
superficial fat and fascia
The deep circumflex iliac vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what
branches of external iliac
runs between IO and TA
supplies inferior lateral abdominal muscles
The inferior epigastric vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what
branches of external iliac
it enters the posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line
supplies lower rectus abdominus
**anastomoses with superior epigastric
The superior epigastric vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what
branches of internal thoracic (mammary)
it enters poster rectus sheath lateral to sternum
supplies upper rectus abdominus
**anastomoses with inferior epigastric
The musculophrenic vessels are branches of what, run where, and supply what
branches of internal thoracic (mammary)
runs along costal cartilages
supplies upper abdominal muscle and diaphragm
The deep circumflex and inferior epigastric veins drain into which vein
external iliac vein
The superior epigastric and musculophrenic veins drain into which vein
internal thoracic vein
These nerves supply the region above the umbilicus
T7, T8, and T9
ventral rami
This nerve supplies the umbilical region
T10
ventral rami
These nerves supply the region below umbilicus
T11, T12, L1
ventral rami
The nerves of the abdomen run between which muscles
IO and TA
Injury to nerves T11, T12, and L1 can do what
it can weaken the muscles in the inguinal region and predisposes an individual to inguinal hernias
This region is inferior to lateral abdominal region, superior to thigh, medial to ilium, and lateral to pubic bone
inguinal region
This is the folded inferior border of the EO aponeurosis and extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
inguinal ligament
This is an obliquely set tunnel 3-5cm long from the transverse abdominal wall and running parallel and superior to inguinal ligament
inguinal canal
In males, the inguinal canal contains what
spermatic cord and its contents ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
In females, the inguinal canal contains what
round ligament of uterus ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
The superficial ring is the opening in which aponeurosis and is located where
opening in EO aponeurosis
obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle
The deep ring is the opening in which aponuerosis and located where
opening in transversals fascia
subtle piercing just lateral to inferior epigastic vessels
What is the anterior/posterior wall, roof, and the floor of the inguinal canal
anterior wall –> EO aponeurosis
posterior wall –> transversals fascia and conjoin tendon
roof –> IO and TA muscles
floor –> inguinal ligament
An abdominal hernia is an out pouching of what
out pouching of abdominal viscera within a sac; composed of peritoneum, extra peritoneal fat, and transversals fascia
True or False
90% of hernias occur in inguinal region
True
This type of inguinal hernia extends through entire inguinal canal lateral to the epigastric vessels
indirect inguinal hernia
An indirect inguinal hernia commonly enters what structures in males and females
males –> scrotum; processus vaginalis
females –> labia majora; canal of Nuck
*more common in males than females
This type of inguinal hernia extends through the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) and emerges through conjoint tendon by or at superficial ring medial to inferior epigastric vessels
direct inguinal hernia
What structures make up the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s)
inferior epigastric artery
rectus abdominus muscle
inguinal ligament
A direct inguinal hernia is usually associated with what
weakened abdominal wall
This type of hernia extends through the femoral ring and canal; more common in females than males
femoral hernia
This type of hernia extends through the umbilical ring; most common in newborns, females, and obese individuals
umbilical hernia
The most common type of hernia is females is what
indirect inguinal
This type of hernia extends through line alba; most common in people over 40 and associated with obesity
epigastric hernia
