EX3 Embryology - Urinary System

Question 1

What germ layer is the urinary system derived from

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

True or False

The intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is first formed from the intermediate mesoderm

Answer 3

bilateral urogenital ridge

Question 4

What are the two portions of the urogenital ridge

Answer 4

nephrogenic cord

gonadal ridge

Question 5

This is the lateral portion of the urogenital ridge; responsible for urinary structures

Answer 5

nephrogenic cord

Question 6

This is the medial portion of the urogenital ridge; responsible for genital structures

Answer 6

gonadal ridge

Question 7

What are the three stages of kidney development

Answer 7

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

Question 8

This stage of kidney development begins early in week 4 and is present for only a few days

Answer 8

pronephros

Question 9

This stage of kidney development is from weeks 4-10, becoming functional at week 6

Answer 9

mesonephros

Question 10

This stage of kidney development is from week 5 and beyond, developing into the definitive kidney and is function at weeks 9/10

Answer 10

metanephros

Question 11

The pronephros develops bilaterally in which region

Answer 11

cervical

Question 12

The pronephros consist of what type of tissue

Answer 12

a solid rod of intermediate mesoderm connected to epithelial-lined buds

Question 13

The mesonephros develops in which region

Answer 13

throacolumbar

Question 14

What does the mesonephros use to guide its formation

Answer 14

the pronephros

Question 15

What three things make up the mesonephros

Answer 15

mesonephric duct
mesonephric tubules
mesonephric vesicles

Question 16

The mesonephric duct functions as what in adults

Answer 16

the ductus deferens in males

Question 17

The mesonephric tubule functions as what in adults

Answer 17

efferent ductules of testes

Question 18

The mesonephric tubule elongates to act as what

Answer 18

the tubular part of nephron

Question 19

The mesonephric vesicle functions as what

Answer 19

Bowman’s casule; contains the glomerulus

Question 20

True or False

There are 45-50 glomeruli per mesospheric kidney

Answer 20

False; there are only 10-15

Question 21

In which direction does the mesonephros grown

Answer 21

caudally toward the cloaca

Question 22

Once the mesonephros contacts the cloaca what happens

Answer 22

it hollows out (caudal to cranial)

the ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum) forms

Question 23

What initiates the formation of the metanephros

Answer 23

the mesonephros contacting the cloaca

Question 24

What are the two components of the metanephros

Answer 24

ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)
metanephrogenic blastema

Question 25

The metanephrogenic blastema is derived from what tissue

Answer 25

mesenchyme of nephrogenic cord

Question 26

The ureteric bud gives rise to what portion of the kidney

Answer 26

``` collecting portion; ureter renal pelvis major and minor calyces collecting tubules ```

Question 27

The blastema gives rise to what portion of the kidney

Answer 27

``` extretory protion; distal convoluted tubule loop of hence proximal convoluted tubule Bowman's capsule ```

Question 28

What is reciprocal induction

Answer 28

communication between the ureteric bud and blastema is required for kidney development

Question 29

True or False | The kidneys descend into proper position

Answer 29

False; they ascend to reach the suprarenal glands

Question 30

What is the original blood supply of the kidneys

Answer 30

common iliac artery

Question 31

What is the final blood supply of the kidneys

Answer 31

right and left renal artery

Question 32

Failure of the temporary blood supply of the kidneys to regress leads to what

Answer 32

``` accessory renal arteries common occurrence (~25% of adults have 2-4 aa) ```

Question 33

This is when the poles of the kidneys (usually inferior) fuse together blocking the ascent due to blockage of the IMA

Answer 33

horseshoe kidney

Question 34

The urorectal septum divides the cloaca into what components

Answer 34

``` urogenital sinus (ventrally) anorectal canal (dorsally) ```

Question 35

What urogenital sinus derives into what components in males and females

Answer 35

``` urinary bladder (and allantosis) urethra ```

Question 36

The urogenital sinus derives into what components in males

Answer 36

prostate | bulbourethral glands

Question 37

The urogenital sinus derives into what components in females

Answer 37

vestibule or vagina | vestibular glands

Question 38

This closes off to form the urachus (fibrous cord)

Answer 38

allantosis

Question 39

This coveres the obliterated urachus in the adult

Answer 39

median umbilical fold

Question 40

What type of urachal abnormalities can exist

Answer 40

urachal cyst urachal sinus urachal fistula

Question 41

This develops from the distal portions of the mesonephric ducts as they are incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

Answer 41

trigone

Question 42

What is meant by "water under the bridge"

Answer 42

the ureter is below the mesenepric duct (future vas deferens)

Question 43

This results from failure of anterior abdominal wall to close

Answer 43

urinary bladder exstrophy (exposed to enternal environment)

Question 44

This results from the failure of one or both of the kidneys to form (ureteric bud fails or reciprocal induction fails)

Answer 44

renal agenesis

Question 45

Renal a genesis can lead to what

Answer 45

``` oligohyraminos (too little amnionic fluid) potter syndrome (from bilateral) ```

Question 46

True or False | Potter syndrome is 100% fatal

Answer 46

True; leads to the lack of development of other organs and causes deformities

Question 47

True or False | A crosses renal ectopia kidney (2 on one side) is more common than a pelvic kidney

Answer 47

False; a crosses renal ectopia is 1/10,000 and a pelvic kidney is 1/1,000