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SP14 Anatomy > EX3 Embryology - Genital System > Flashcards

EX3 Embryology - Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layer is the genital system derived from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Intermediate mesoderm thickens at week 5 to form what precursor to the genital system

A

gonadal ridge

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3
Q

At what week do the visible differences of the genital system show

A

week 7

weeks 1-6 are the “indifferent stage”

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4
Q

The sex of an individual is determined at what stage

A

conception

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5
Q

What are the two ducts that are precursors to the male/female gonads

A

males - mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

females - paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct

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6
Q

The mesothelium lining of each gonadal ridge thickens to form what

A

mesothelial cells = gonadal cord cells

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7
Q

The mesothelial cord cells form what

A

solid gonadal cords that sink into underlying mesenchyme to “welcome” PGCs

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8
Q

SRY codes for what

A

TDF; testes-determing factor

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9
Q

These develop from mesenchyme of gonadal ridge and produces testosterone

A

leydig cells

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10
Q

These develop from gonadal cord cells and forms the seminiferous tubules and rete testes

A

sertoli cells (“caretakers of PCGs”)

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11
Q

How are seminiferous tubules formed

A

by an invagination of cord cells

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12
Q

What induces the mesonephric duct to form male genital ducts and external genitalia

A

testosterone

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13
Q

Testosterone causes the mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules to do what

A

puncture the region of the gonadal ridge where testicles are developing to form the ductus deferens, epididymis, and efferent ductules connections

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14
Q

The mesonephric duct becomes what in males

A

ductus deferens

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15
Q

The superior end of the mesonephric duct becomes what in males

A

epididymis

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16
Q

The mesonephric tubules become what in males

A

efferent tubules

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17
Q

The caudal ends of mesonephric ducts develop what

A

seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts which open into prostatic urethra

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18
Q

The Müllerian duct reman at becomes what in males

A

appendix testis

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19
Q

The Müllerian duct regresses in males due to which cell signalsing

A

Sertoli cells; produces MIH (Müllerian-inhibiting hormone)

20
Q

The prostate and bulbourethral glands are endodermal outgrowth from what

A

urogenital sinus

21
Q

This extends from the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling

A

gubernaculum

22
Q

The descent of the testes begins in which weeks and ends when

A

begins week 26; both testes in scrotum by week 32

23
Q

What is the gubernaculum

A

it is a ligament that as it shortens, it pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels downward traversing the inguinal canal to the scrotal sac

24
Q

Where are the layers of the spermatic cord derived from

A

anterior abdominal wall muscular layers/fascia that are dragged inferiorly with the testes

25
Q

This is the development of fluid-filled cysts of the testes/spermatic cord

A

hydrocoele

26
Q

This is the failure of the testes to descend

A

crytochidism

27
Q

True or False

The female genital system contains SRY and TDF

A

False; it does not

28
Q

Where do the stromal cells of the developing ovary originate from

A

mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

29
Q

Follicular cells (“caretakers” of the PGCs” develop from what

A

gonadal cord cells

30
Q

These envelop PGCs

A

cortical cords (comprised of cord cells)

31
Q

Cortical cords break up into pieces, and cord cells develop into what

A

flat follicular cells that surround each oogonium

32
Q

The primary oocyte plus the follicle cell capsule makes up what

A

primordial follicle

33
Q

Due to low testosterone in females, what happens

A

mesonephric ducts regress

34
Q

Due to no MIH in females, what happens

A

continued grout and development of Müllerian ducts

35
Q

Epoöphoron, paraöphoron, and gartner duct cysts are what in females

A

remnants of mesonephric duct

36
Q

The cranial end of the Müllerian ducts form what

A

uterine tubes

37
Q

The caudal end of the Müllerian ducts fuse to form what

A

uterovaginal primordium; which forms the uterus and superior vaginal canal

38
Q

The uretovaginal primordium comes in contact with dorsal wall or urogenial sinus and induces the formation of what

A

sinovaginal bulbs; pair of endodermal outgrowths

39
Q

The sinovaginal bulbs fuse with the uretovaginal primordium forming what

A

the vaginal plate (inferior vagina)

formed from urogenital sinus

40
Q

The vaginal canal forms from what

A

the degeneration of the vaginal plate central endodermal cells

41
Q

What are the endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus

A

greater vestibular glands
urethral glands
paraurethral glands

42
Q

The gubernaculum in females forms what

A

the ovarian and round ligament

43
Q

The genital tubercle forms what in males/females

A

males - glans penis (head)

females - clitoris

44
Q

The labioscrotal swelling (genital swelling) forms what in males/females

A

males - scrotum

females - labium majus

45
Q

The urethral folds form what in males/females

A

males - penile shaft

females - labium minus

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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