EX2 Pelvis and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
This is located above the pelvic brim, pelvic inlet is continuous with the abdominal cavity, and also known as the greater pelvis
false pelvis
This is located below the pelvic brim, pelvic outlet closed off below by muscular pelvic floor, and known as the lesser pelvic
true pelvis
This bone of the pelvic girdle is made up of 5 fused bones
sacrum; 5 fused sacral vertebrae
These bones make up the 2 os coxae
ilium, ischium, and pubis
What defines the border of the pelvic brim
the pectineal line of the superior ride of the superior ramus is continuous with the arcuate line
What is the shape of the pelvic brim in males and in females
males = heart shaped females = oval shaped
Who has shorter pubic symphysis, males or females?
females
Who has narrower pubic arch and less flared iliac wings (alae), males or females?
males
Who has their ischial tuberosities further apart, males or females?
females
Who has shorter, less curved sacrum, males or females?
females
What is the shape of the obturator foramen in males and in females
males = round females = oval
What is the pubic arch angles in males and females
males = less than 70° females = more than 80°
This connects the 2 pubic bones
pubic sympthysis
This is located between the sacrum and ilium anteriorly
anterior sacroiliac ligament
This is located between the sacrum and ilium posteriorly
posterior sacroiliac ligament
This is located from the ischial spine to the sacrum/coccyx, in the lower boundary of greater sciatic foramen
sacrospinous ligament
This is located from the sacrum to the tuberosity of the isichium, in the lower border of lesser sciatic foramen
sacrotuberous ligament
This closes off obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)
obturator membrane
This is a diamond shaped region between the thigh; contains 2 triangles
perineum
This triangle involves the passage of urinary and genital
urogenital triangle
This triangle involves the passage of rectum and anus
anal triangle
This triangle is deep to perineal muscle or UG diaphragm
urogenital triangle
This triangle is in the plevic floor muscles or pelvic diaphragm
anal triangle
This structure is the joining of the urogenital and anal triangles
pineal body
What are the two main muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani
coccygeus
What are the three bands that make up the levator ani
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
pubrorectalis
What muscles assist those of the pelvic diaphragm
piriformis
obturator internus
This muscle extends from anterior sacrum to greater trochanter, passing behind greater sciatic notch, and closes off posterior/superior pelvic outlet
piriformis muscle
This muscle extends from obturator foramen to greater trochanter, covered with thick fascia and attaches to legator ahi as tendinous arch
obturator internus
This is anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphragm extending between 2 pubic arches and attaching posteriorly to perineal body
urogenital diaphragm
The UG diaphragm is composed of what muscles and blends with which muscles
composed of deep transverse perineal body
blends with sphincter muscles of urethra (and vagina in females)
These transport urine from kidneys to bladder, cross external iliac vessels and descend into pelvis
ureters
True or False
The ureters travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder
True
This stores urine prior to expulsion through urethra and is covered with peritoneum and supported by pelvic floor
urinary bladder
What is the muscle that makes up the urinary bladder
smooth muscle; detrusor urinae
The urethra is how long in women and located where
3.5-4cm
between bladder and external urethral orifice
Which is longer, the male or female urethra
male
What are the four parts of the male urethra starting closest to the bladder
preprostatic
prostatic
membranous
spongy
This is located in true pelvis superior to pelvic floor
rectum
The rectum is normally constricted by what
puborctal sling; made up of puborectalis muscle
This emerges in anal triangle inferior to pelvic floor and is continuous with rectum at anorectal junction at puborectal sling
anal canal
The puborectal sling produces curvature at what and when relaxed allows what
curvature at anorectal junction
relaxes to allow defecation
What are the two main components of the male pelvic viscera
ductus (vans) deferens
reproductive glands
What are the three reproductive glands of the male pelvic viscera
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
This joins the vas deferens forming the ejaculatory ducts, emptying into prostatic urethra
seminal vesicles
This is a walnut sized gland between the bladder and UG diaphragm
prostate gland
These are 2 pea sized glands within UG diaphragm, emptying into penile urethra
bulborethral (Cowper’s) glands
What are the three external organs and structures of the male pelvic viscera
penis
testes
spermatic cord
This is the primary male reproductive organ housed in the scrotum
testes
This is located in the fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall, from inguinal canal into scrotum, surrounds ductus deferens, and testicular vessels and nerves
spermatic cord
These are the primary female reproductive organs, which produce an ova and female hormones, encapsulated in the true pelvis
ovaries
This is a muscular tube for the transport of ovum to uterus
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
The fallopian tubes are made up of what 4 parts and span from where to where
4 parts; fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
from peritoneal cavity to uterus
This is roughly 7cm long, usually anteverted and at a right angle to the vaginal canal
uterus
True or False
The uterus can enlarge up to 20x during pregnancy and changes position during that and a full bladder
True
This is the inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal
uterine cervix
Where the does uterine cervix open to
opens to vagina as external os
opens to uterus as internal os
True or False
The mucosal membranes are not continuo from the external environment to the peritoneal cavity
False; they are continuous via the uterus, etc.
This is a circular gutter surrounding the cervix, deeper posterior than anterior
vaginal fornix
What are the uterine ligaments
suspensory
broad
ovarian
round ligament of the uterus
Which uterine ligament is made up of peritoneum covering ovarian vessels and nerves
suspensory
Which uterine ligament is made up of peritoneum covering the uterus and adnexa
broad
Which uterine ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus
ovarian
Which uterine ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament which passes through the inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora
round
