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SP14 Anatomy > EX3 Histology - Urinary System > Flashcards

EX3 Histology - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system

A

paired kidneys
paired ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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2
Q

What are the seven main functions of the urinary system

A 
regulation of blood ion composition
regulation of blood volume/pressure
regulation of blood pH
conservation of valuable nutrients
production/secretion of hormones
assist the liver is detoxification
eliminate organic wastes and foreign substances *nitrogenous waste
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3
Q

What three things describe the overall function of the urinary system

A

filtration of cellular wastes from blood
selective reabsorption of water and solutes
excretion of the wastes and excess water as urine

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4
Q

This is where the renal vessels, nerves, and renal pelvis pass into/out of the kidney

A

hilum

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5
Q

This is filled with loose connective tissue and fat, along with the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of vessels/nerves

A

renal sinus

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6
Q

The kidney surface is covered by what

A

connective tissue called the renal capsule

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7
Q

This the the functional part of the kidney and it can be divided into two regions

A

parenchyma

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8
Q

This is the superficial (outer) area of the kidney

A

renal cortex

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9
Q

This is the deep (inner) area of the kidney

A

renal medulla

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10
Q

Thee are 6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures of which funnel toward the renal sinus

A

renal pyramids

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11
Q

This is located between the pyramids; cortical tissue within medulla

A

renal columns

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12
Q

This is located at the apex of the pyramid and is the main location of urine production

A

renal papilla

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13
Q

This consists of the renal pyramid, its overlying renal cortex, and one-half of each adjacent renal column; will not see this is the adult

A

renal lobe

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14
Q

About what percentage of blood flow from cardiac output is going to the kidney

A

20-25%

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15
Q

These capillaries are associated with convoluted tubules

A

peritubular capillaries

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16
Q

This (capillary-like) is associated with the nephron loop

A

vasa recta

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17
Q

This is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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18
Q

How many nephrons are in each human kidney

A

approximately 1 million

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19
Q

What are the two parts of a nephron

A

renal corpsucle

renal tubule

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20
Q

This is where the glomerular filtration occurs; located in the renal cortex

A

renal corpuscle

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21
Q

This is where tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occurs

A

renal tubule

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22
Q

The nephron plus its collecting tubule forms what

A

uriniferous tubule

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23
Q

In order for urine to be produced, the nephron performs these three processes

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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24
Q

This is the first step in urine production; water and most solutes in blood plasma move from the glomerular capillaries into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

glomerular filtration

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25
Q

Filtered fluid moves through the renal tubule; and the tubule cells reabsorb 99% of the filtered water and many solutes, they return to the blood at peritubular capillaries

A

tubular reabsorption

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26
Q

This is when the tubule cells can remove additional substances (wastes, drugs, ions, etc.) from the blood in peritubular capillaries

A

tubular secretion

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27
Q

What is the main function of the nephron filtration

A

help maintain homeostasis of blood’s volume and composition

28
Q

What are the two components of the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

29
Q

This is a tuft of capillaries composed of 10-20 capillary loops supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole

A

glomerulus

30
Q

This is a double-walled epithelial cup surrounding the glomerulus
visceral = inner
parietal = external

A

Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule

31
Q

Glomerular ultrafiltrate is collected where before it drains into the renal tubule

A

The urinary/Bowman’s/capsular space located between the two layers

32
Q

The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule contains what type of epithelium

A

modified simple squamous epithelial cells called podocytes

33
Q

Extensions of podocytes are called what, which wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells

34
Q

This is the space between two pedicles where the ultrafiltrate from the blood (via fenestrations) enters Bowman’s space

A

filtration slit

35
Q

This semipermeable membrane covers the filtration slit

A

slit diaphragm

36
Q

The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains what type of epithelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

37
Q

This is where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit

A

vascular pole

38
Q

This is where filtrate exits Bowman’s space and enters PCT

A

urinary or tubular pole

39
Q

This attaches to the glomerular capsule; highly coiled tube; lies in renal cortex

A

proximal convoluted tubule

40
Q

This extends from the renal cortex into the renal medulla, turns, and returns to cortex

A

loop of Henle

41
Q

This is the last part of the renal tubule; highly coiled; lies within renal cortex; empties into a collecting tubule

A

distal convoluted tubule

42
Q

The PCT and DCT are lined with what type of epithelium

A

simple cubodial epithelium

43
Q

True or False

The PCT contains a lot of mitochondria

A

True; stains a little pinker and is larger than DCT

44
Q

The PCT contains what the of border

A

brush border; microvilli with varying lengths

45
Q

The loop of henle contains what four parts

A

thick descending limb
thin descending limb
thin ascending limb
thick ascending limb

46
Q

What types of epithelium do the thick and thin limb of the loop of henle contain

A

thick; simple cubodial

thin; simple squamous

47
Q

True or False

The microvili of the DCT are few and short, therefore the lumen is smoother

48
Q

This is where the ascending limb of the loop of henle contacts the afferent arteriole

A

macula densa

49
Q

What becomes of the epithelium at the macula densa

A

It becomes columnar with apical nuclei

50
Q

These are the smooth muscle cells located alongside the macula densa

A

juxtaglomerular cells

51
Q

The macula dense plus the JA cells form what

A

the juxtaglomular apparatus (JGA)

52
Q

What is the function of the JGA

A

to regulate blood pressure within the kidneys

53
Q

Several collecting ducts merge at the apex of the pyramid to form what

A

the papillary ducts (ducts of Bellini) with drain into minor calyx at renal papilla

54
Q

Papillary ducts are made up of what type of epithelium

A

simple columnar duts

55
Q

How man major/minor calices are there

A

6-8 minor

3-4 major

56
Q

This is located closer to the pyramid, long nephron tube, concentrated urine

A

juxtamedullary nephron

57
Q

This is located further away from the pyramid, small nephron loop, in cortex

A

cortical nephron

58
Q

This is a muscular tube about 10-12in in length; uses peristalsis

59
Q

This is a hollow, distensible, muscular organ in pelvis; store urine

A

urinary bladder

60
Q

This is a tubular structure for the passage of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

61
Q

What is the length of the urethra in males/females

A

males; 20cm

femals; 3-5cm

62
Q

True or False
The calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder have the same basic histological structure with walls becoming thinner close to the bladder

A

False; the become thick toward bladder

63
Q

What are the epithelium of the bladder

A

transitional epithelium (urothelium)

64
Q

How many layers of muscularis externa (detruser muscle) does the bladder contain

A

3; inner longitudinal
outer circular
outermost longitudinal

65
Q

What are the regions of the male urethra

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy

66
Q

What epithelium lines the male urethra

A

prostatic; urothelium
membranous; stratified columnar
spongy; stratified columnar

67
Q

What epithelium lines the female urethra

A

stratified squamous; occasionally pseudostratified columnar

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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