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SP14 Anatomy > EX3 Histology - Urinary System > Flashcards

EX3 Histology - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system

A

paired kidneys
paired ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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2
Q

What are the seven main functions of the urinary system

A 
regulation of blood ion composition
regulation of blood volume/pressure
regulation of blood pH
conservation of valuable nutrients
production/secretion of hormones
assist the liver is detoxification
eliminate organic wastes and foreign substances *nitrogenous waste
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3
Q

What three things describe the overall function of the urinary system

A

filtration of cellular wastes from blood
selective reabsorption of water and solutes
excretion of the wastes and excess water as urine

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4
Q

This is where the renal vessels, nerves, and renal pelvis pass into/out of the kidney

A

hilum

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5
Q

This is filled with loose connective tissue and fat, along with the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of vessels/nerves

A

renal sinus

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6
Q

The kidney surface is covered by what

A

connective tissue called the renal capsule

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7
Q

This the the functional part of the kidney and it can be divided into two regions

A

parenchyma

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8
Q

This is the superficial (outer) area of the kidney

A

renal cortex

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9
Q

This is the deep (inner) area of the kidney

A

renal medulla

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10
Q

Thee are 6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures of which funnel toward the renal sinus

A

renal pyramids

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11
Q

This is located between the pyramids; cortical tissue within medulla

A

renal columns

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12
Q

This is located at the apex of the pyramid and is the main location of urine production

A

renal papilla

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13
Q

This consists of the renal pyramid, its overlying renal cortex, and one-half of each adjacent renal column; will not see this is the adult

A

renal lobe

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14
Q

About what percentage of blood flow from cardiac output is going to the kidney

A

20-25%

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15
Q

These capillaries are associated with convoluted tubules

A

peritubular capillaries

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16
Q

This (capillary-like) is associated with the nephron loop

A

vasa recta

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17
Q

This is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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18
Q

How many nephrons are in each human kidney

A

approximately 1 million

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19
Q

What are the two parts of a nephron

A

renal corpsucle

renal tubule

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20
Q

This is where the glomerular filtration occurs; located in the renal cortex

A

renal corpuscle

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21
Q

This is where tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occurs

A

renal tubule

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22
Q

The nephron plus its collecting tubule forms what

A

uriniferous tubule

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23
Q

In order for urine to be produced, the nephron performs these three processes

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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24
Q

This is the first step in urine production; water and most solutes in blood plasma move from the glomerular capillaries into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

glomerular filtration

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25
Filtered fluid moves through the renal tubule; and the tubule cells reabsorb 99% of the filtered water and many solutes, they return to the blood at peritubular capillaries
tubular reabsorption
26
This is when the tubule cells can remove additional substances (wastes, drugs, ions, etc.) from the blood in peritubular capillaries
tubular secretion
27
What is the main function of the nephron filtration
help maintain homeostasis of blood's volume and composition
28
What are the two components of the renal corpuscle
glomerulus | Bowman's capsule
29
This is a tuft of capillaries composed of 10-20 capillary loops supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole
glomerulus
30
This is a double-walled epithelial cup surrounding the glomerulus visceral = inner parietal = external
Bowman's (glomerular) capsule
31
Glomerular ultrafiltrate is collected where before it drains into the renal tubule
The urinary/Bowman's/capsular space located between the two layers
32
The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule contains what type of epithelium
modified simple squamous epithelial cells called podocytes
33
Extensions of podocytes are called what, which wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells
pedicles
34
This is the space between two pedicles where the ultrafiltrate from the blood (via fenestrations) enters Bowman's space
filtration slit
35
This semipermeable membrane covers the filtration slit
slit diaphragm
36
The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule contains what type of epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
37
This is where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit
vascular pole
38
This is where filtrate exits Bowman's space and enters PCT
urinary or tubular pole
39
This attaches to the glomerular capsule; highly coiled tube; lies in renal cortex
proximal convoluted tubule
40
This extends from the renal cortex into the renal medulla, turns, and returns to cortex
loop of Henle
41
This is the last part of the renal tubule; highly coiled; lies within renal cortex; empties into a collecting tubule
distal convoluted tubule
42
The PCT and DCT are lined with what type of epithelium
simple cubodial epithelium
43
True or False | The PCT contains a lot of mitochondria
True; stains a little pinker and is larger than DCT
44
The PCT contains what the of border
brush border; microvilli with varying lengths
45
The loop of henle contains what four parts
thick descending limb thin descending limb thin ascending limb thick ascending limb
46
What types of epithelium do the thick and thin limb of the loop of henle contain
thick; simple cubodial | thin; simple squamous
47
True or False | The microvili of the DCT are few and short, therefore the lumen is smoother
True
48
This is where the ascending limb of the loop of henle contacts the afferent arteriole
macula densa
49
What becomes of the epithelium at the macula densa
It becomes columnar with apical nuclei
50
These are the smooth muscle cells located alongside the macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells
51
The macula dense plus the JA cells form what
the juxtaglomular apparatus (JGA)
52
What is the function of the JGA
to regulate blood pressure within the kidneys
53
Several collecting ducts merge at the apex of the pyramid to form what
the papillary ducts (ducts of Bellini) with drain into minor calyx at renal papilla
54
Papillary ducts are made up of what type of epithelium
simple columnar duts
55
How man major/minor calices are there
6-8 minor | 3-4 major
56
This is located closer to the pyramid, long nephron tube, concentrated urine
juxtamedullary nephron
57
This is located further away from the pyramid, small nephron loop, in cortex
cortical nephron
58
This is a muscular tube about 10-12in in length; uses peristalsis
ureter
59
This is a hollow, distensible, muscular organ in pelvis; store urine
urinary bladder
60
This is a tubular structure for the passage of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
61
What is the length of the urethra in males/females
males; 20cm | femals; 3-5cm
62
True or False The calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder have the same basic histological structure with walls becoming thinner close to the bladder
False; the become thick toward bladder
63
What are the epithelium of the bladder
transitional epithelium (urothelium)
64
How many layers of muscularis externa (detruser muscle) does the bladder contain
3; inner longitudinal outer circular outermost longitudinal
65
What are the regions of the male urethra
prostatic membranous spongy
66
What epithelium lines the male urethra
prostatic; urothelium membranous; stratified columnar spongy; stratified columnar
67
What epithelium lines the female urethra
stratified squamous; occasionally pseudostratified columnar

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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