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SP14 Anatomy > Final Gross - Heart > Flashcards

Final Gross - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the right border of the heart

A

right atrium

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2
Q

What is the inferior border and anterior surface of the heart

A

right ventricle

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3
Q

What is the superior border and posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

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4
Q

What is the left border and apex of the heart

A

left ventricle

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5
Q

This separates the atria from the ventricles

A

atrioventricular valves

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6
Q

This separates the left and right atria

A

interatrial septum

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7
Q

This separates the right and left ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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8
Q

What marks the AV valves and the IV septum

A

grooves due to muscular changes

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9
Q

What is the surface of the atrial wall

A

smooth muscular surface

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10
Q

What is the auricle

A

“roof” of atrium; rough with pectinate muscles

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11
Q

This separates the smooth muscular surface of the atrium from the rough pectinate muscles

A

crista terminalis

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12
Q

This is the depression in the IA wall

A

fossa ovalis

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13
Q

This leads into the right atrium

A

AV orifice

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14
Q

The tricuspid valve has how many cusps

A

anterior, septal, and posterior cusps

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15
Q

What are the cusps of the tricuspid valve anchored by

A

chordae tendineae to papillary muscles

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16
Q

What composes the interior wall of the right ventricle

A

rough with trabecular carneae

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17
Q

This makes up the conduction system of the heart in the right ventricle, located medially

A

septomarginal trabecula

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18
Q

This is a funnel to the pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosus

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19
Q

What makes up the atrial wall of the left atrium

A

smooth muscular surface

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20
Q

What makes up the roof of the left atrium

A

auricle; rough with pectinate muscle

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21
Q

What enters the left atrium posteriorly

A

4 pulmonary veins (in pairs)

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22
Q

This is in the interatrial wall of the left atrium

A

valve of foramen oval (fossa ovalis)

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23
Q

The AV orifice of the left atrium leads to where

A

the left ventricle

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24
Q

What are the cusps of the bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

anterior and posterior

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25
Q

How are the cusps of the bicuspid valve anchored

A

via chordae tendineae to papillary muscles

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26
Q

True or False

The anterior and posterior papillary muscles control both cusps

A

True

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27
Q

During the left bundle inter ventricular contraction, which papillary muscle contracts first to prevent back flow

A

anterior papillary muscle

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28
Q

What composed the interior wall of the left ventricle

A

rough with trabeculae carneae

29
Q

Where does the aortic orifice lead to of the left ventricle

A

ascending aorta

30
Q

What is unique about the muscle wall (myocardium) of the left ventricle

A

it is typically 3x thicker

31
Q

The aortic semilunar valve (in the aorta) consists of what three cusps

A

left, right, and posterior

32
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve consists of what three cusps

A

left, right, and anterior

33
Q

What provides attachment, support and insulation (from electrical contraction)

A

fibrous skeleton; dense collagen rings and trigones

34
Q

This is the remnant of the fetal ductus arterioles

A

ligamentum arteriosum

35
Q

Where is the ligamentum arteriosum located

A

between the left pulmonary artery and aorta; was used to shunt blood from right ventricle to aorta

36
Q

This arises from the right side of the ascending aorta just superior to right aortic semilunar cusp

A

right coronary artery

37
Q

Where does the right coronary artery travel

A

in coronary sulcus around the right side of the heart turning inferior to become the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending)

38
Q

The posterior inter ventricular artery runs where

A

in posterior IV sulcus traveling to the apex of the heart

39
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

sinoatrial nodal branch
anterior right ventricular branch
right marginal branch

40
Q

This arises from the left side of the ascending aorta originating just superior to left aortic semilunar cusp

A

left coronary artery

41
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into

A

anterior interventricular and circumflex

42
Q

Where does the anterior inter ventricular artery run

A

in anterior IV sulcus

travels toward apex of heart

43
Q

The circumflex artery runs where and supplies what

A

in the coronary sulcus circling around the left side of the heart supplying posterior aspect of left ventricle and turning inferior to become posterior left ventricular artery

44
Q

What branches does the circumflex artery give off

A

left marginal branch to supply lateral left ventricle

45
Q

One coronary artery is more dominant, which one is it in 65% of cases

A

right coronary artery; crossing over to supply left ventricle posteriorly

46
Q

One coronary artery is more dominant, which one is it in 15% of cases

A

left coronary artery; crossing over to supply right ventricle posteriorly

47
Q

One coronary artery is more dominant, but in some cases, what percentage has balanced arterial pattern

A

20%

48
Q

Most veins of the heart of tributaries to what

A

coronary sinus

49
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located

A

lies in posterior portion of coronary sulcus

50
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain

A

into right atrium between IVC and AV orifice

51
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein run

A

travels with anterior IV artery in anterior IV sulcus turning left to run in coronary sulcus superiorly travels with circumflex around left side and drains into coronary sinus posteriorly

52
Q

Where does the middle cardiac vein run

A

travels with posterior inter ventricular artery in posterior IV sulcus, empties into coronary sinus superiorly

53
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein run

A

travels with right marginal artery along lateral right ventricle, turns right to run in coronary sulcus superiorly, travels with right coronary artery around right side of the heart and empties into coronary sinus posteriorly

54
Q

These veins do not empty into the coronary sinus

A

anterior cardiac veins

55
Q

Where does the anterior cardiac veins run

A

travels with anterior right ventricular artery along anterior right ventricle, ascend toward right auricle emptying directly into right atrium

56
Q

When vein is commonly used for bypass grafts

A

great saphenous vein from anterior/medial region of the thigh or leg
internal thoracic and radial

57
Q

Where is a bypass sutured

A

into aorta and distal branch of coronary artery; must consider arrangement of valves

58
Q

Where does the heart receive sympathetic innervation from

A

T1-T5

59
Q

Where does the heart receive parasympathetic innervation from

A

vagus nerve

60
Q

Where does the sympathetic intrinsic ganglia lie

A

right next to SA node

61
Q

True or False

Both the SNS and PNS contribute to both superficial and deep cardinal plexuses of nerves

A

True

62
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the heart

A

speed it up
increases force of contraction
inhibits coronary vascular contraction producing dilation which allows more blood volume

63
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the heart

A

slows down
lessens the force of contraction
constricts coronary vessels decreasing blood volume

64
Q

What does the conduction system of the heat consist of

A

SA node
AV node
AV bundle

65
Q

Where is the SA node located

A

in crista terminals between right atrium and SVC

66
Q

Where are the AV node and bundle located

A

in IA septum near coronary sinus opening

67
Q

What is the conduction pathway of the heart

A

impulses are initiated by SA node traveling to AV node
atrial contration
then to AV bundle and IV septum
the septum divides into right and left bundle branches
purkinje fibres travel to ventricles for contraction

68
Q

Damage to the conduction system results in what

A

cardiac arrhythmais
damage to AV node will cause heart block
pacemaker may be inserted

69
Q

How is the pacemaker inserted

A

battery pack inserted subcutaneously below clavicle
electrode is threaded downthorugh SVC to right atrium
passed through AV valve to right ventricle
electrode is fixed to trabeculae carneae
placed in contact with endocardium

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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