Final Gross - Heart

Question 1

What is the right border of the heart

Answer 1

right atrium

Question 2

What is the inferior border and anterior surface of the heart

Answer 2

right ventricle

Question 3

What is the superior border and posterior surface of the heart

Answer 3

left atrium

Question 4

What is the left border and apex of the heart

Answer 4

left ventricle

Question 5

This separates the atria from the ventricles

Answer 5

atrioventricular valves

Question 6

This separates the left and right atria

Answer 6

interatrial septum

Question 7

This separates the right and left ventricles

Answer 7

interventricular septum

Question 8

What marks the AV valves and the IV septum

Answer 8

grooves due to muscular changes

Question 9

What is the surface of the atrial wall

Answer 9

smooth muscular surface

Question 10

What is the auricle

Answer 10

“roof” of atrium; rough with pectinate muscles

Question 11

This separates the smooth muscular surface of the atrium from the rough pectinate muscles

Answer 11

crista terminalis

Question 12

This is the depression in the IA wall

Answer 12

fossa ovalis

Question 13

This leads into the right atrium

Answer 13

AV orifice

Question 14

The tricuspid valve has how many cusps

Answer 14

anterior, septal, and posterior cusps

Question 15

What are the cusps of the tricuspid valve anchored by

Answer 15

chordae tendineae to papillary muscles

Question 16

What composes the interior wall of the right ventricle

Answer 16

rough with trabecular carneae

Question 17

This makes up the conduction system of the heart in the right ventricle, located medially

Answer 17

septomarginal trabecula

Question 18

This is a funnel to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 18

conus arteriosus

Question 19

What makes up the atrial wall of the left atrium

Answer 19

smooth muscular surface

Question 20

What makes up the roof of the left atrium

Answer 20

auricle; rough with pectinate muscle

Question 21

What enters the left atrium posteriorly

Answer 21

4 pulmonary veins (in pairs)

Question 22

This is in the interatrial wall of the left atrium

Answer 22

valve of foramen oval (fossa ovalis)

Question 23

The AV orifice of the left atrium leads to where

Answer 23

the left ventricle

Question 24

What are the cusps of the bicuspid (mitral) valve

Answer 24

anterior and posterior

Question 25

How are the cusps of the bicuspid valve anchored

Answer 25

via chordae tendineae to papillary muscles

Question 26

True or False | The anterior and posterior papillary muscles control both cusps

Answer 26

True

Question 27

During the left bundle inter ventricular contraction, which papillary muscle contracts first to prevent back flow

Answer 27

anterior papillary muscle

Question 28

What composed the interior wall of the left ventricle

Answer 28

rough with trabeculae carneae

Question 29

Where does the aortic orifice lead to of the left ventricle

Answer 29

ascending aorta

Question 30

What is unique about the muscle wall (myocardium) of the left ventricle

Answer 30

it is typically 3x thicker

Question 31

The aortic semilunar valve (in the aorta) consists of what three cusps

Answer 31

left, right, and posterior

Question 32

The pulmonary semilunar valve consists of what three cusps

Answer 32

left, right, and anterior

Question 33

What provides attachment, support and insulation (from electrical contraction)

Answer 33

fibrous skeleton; dense collagen rings and trigones

Question 34

This is the remnant of the fetal ductus arterioles

Answer 34

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 35

Where is the ligamentum arteriosum located

Answer 35

between the left pulmonary artery and aorta; was used to shunt blood from right ventricle to aorta

Question 36

This arises from the right side of the ascending aorta just superior to right aortic semilunar cusp

Answer 36

right coronary artery

Question 37

Where does the right coronary artery travel

Answer 37

in coronary sulcus around the right side of the heart turning inferior to become the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending)

Question 38

The posterior inter ventricular artery runs where

Answer 38

in posterior IV sulcus traveling to the apex of the heart

Question 39

What are the branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 39

sinoatrial nodal branch anterior right ventricular branch right marginal branch

Question 40

This arises from the left side of the ascending aorta originating just superior to left aortic semilunar cusp

Answer 40

left coronary artery

Question 41

What does the left coronary artery divide into

Answer 41

anterior interventricular and circumflex

Question 42

Where does the anterior inter ventricular artery run

Answer 42

in anterior IV sulcus | travels toward apex of heart

Question 43

The circumflex artery runs where and supplies what

Answer 43

in the coronary sulcus circling around the left side of the heart supplying posterior aspect of left ventricle and turning inferior to become posterior left ventricular artery

Question 44

What branches does the circumflex artery give off

Answer 44

left marginal branch to supply lateral left ventricle

Question 45

One coronary artery is more dominant, which one is it in 65% of cases

Answer 45

right coronary artery; crossing over to supply left ventricle posteriorly

Question 46

One coronary artery is more dominant, which one is it in 15% of cases

Answer 46

left coronary artery; crossing over to supply right ventricle posteriorly

Question 47

One coronary artery is more dominant, but in some cases, what percentage has balanced arterial pattern

Answer 47

20%

Question 48

Most veins of the heart of tributaries to what

Answer 48

coronary sinus

Question 49

Where is the coronary sinus located

Answer 49

lies in posterior portion of coronary sulcus

Question 50

Where does the coronary sinus drain

Answer 50

into right atrium between IVC and AV orifice

Question 51

Where does the great cardiac vein run

Answer 51

travels with anterior IV artery in anterior IV sulcus turning left to run in coronary sulcus superiorly travels with circumflex around left side and drains into coronary sinus posteriorly

Question 52

Where does the middle cardiac vein run

Answer 52

travels with posterior inter ventricular artery in posterior IV sulcus, empties into coronary sinus superiorly

Question 53

Where does the small cardiac vein run

Answer 53

travels with right marginal artery along lateral right ventricle, turns right to run in coronary sulcus superiorly, travels with right coronary artery around right side of the heart and empties into coronary sinus posteriorly

Question 54

These veins do not empty into the coronary sinus

Answer 54

anterior cardiac veins

Question 55

Where does the anterior cardiac veins run

Answer 55

travels with anterior right ventricular artery along anterior right ventricle, ascend toward right auricle emptying directly into right atrium

Question 56

When vein is commonly used for bypass grafts

Answer 56

great saphenous vein from anterior/medial region of the thigh or leg internal thoracic and radial

Question 57

Where is a bypass sutured

Answer 57

into aorta and distal branch of coronary artery; must consider arrangement of valves

Question 58

Where does the heart receive sympathetic innervation from

Answer 58

T1-T5

Question 59

Where does the heart receive parasympathetic innervation from

Answer 59

vagus nerve

Question 60

Where does the sympathetic intrinsic ganglia lie

Answer 60

right next to SA node

Question 61

True or False | Both the SNS and PNS contribute to both superficial and deep cardinal plexuses of nerves

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the heart

Answer 62

speed it up increases force of contraction inhibits coronary vascular contraction producing dilation which allows more blood volume

Question 63

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the heart

Answer 63

slows down lessens the force of contraction constricts coronary vessels decreasing blood volume

Question 64

What does the conduction system of the heat consist of

Answer 64

SA node AV node AV bundle

Question 65

Where is the SA node located

Answer 65

in crista terminals between right atrium and SVC

Question 66

Where are the AV node and bundle located

Answer 66

in IA septum near coronary sinus opening

Question 67

What is the conduction pathway of the heart

Answer 67

impulses are initiated by SA node traveling to AV node atrial contration then to AV bundle and IV septum the septum divides into right and left bundle branches purkinje fibres travel to ventricles for contraction

Question 68

Damage to the conduction system results in what

Answer 68

cardiac arrhythmais damage to AV node will cause heart block pacemaker may be inserted

Question 69

How is the pacemaker inserted

Answer 69

battery pack inserted subcutaneously below clavicle electrode is threaded downthorugh SVC to right atrium passed through AV valve to right ventricle electrode is fixed to trabeculae carneae placed in contact with endocardium