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SP14 Anatomy > EX3 Neuro - Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

EX3 Neuro - Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four clinically significant basal ganglia

A

striatum (neostriatum)
globus pallidus (paleostratum)
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus

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2
Q

This lies lateral to the thalamus and is divided by the internal capsule

A

striatum

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3
Q

What are the three nuclei that make up the striatum

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
nucleus accumbens

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4
Q

What are the two nuclei that make up the lenticular (lentiform) nucleus

A

putamen

globus pallidus

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5
Q

What cortical areas project into the basal ganglia

A

the cerebral cortex sends fibers to the basal ganglia

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6
Q

What is the target of the fibers from the cerebral cortex to the basal ganglia

A

striatum; caudate nucleus, putamen

medial segment of the globus pallidus

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7
Q

What is the structure that separates the caudate nucleus and putamen

A

internal capsule

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8
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that originates within nerve cell bodies that make up the substantia nigra pars compacta

A

dopamine

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9
Q

What disease is a result from a loss of dopamine nerve cell bodies in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the caudate-putamen and globus pallidus

A

GABA

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11
Q

What does disinhibition mean

A

to make something less inhibited; taking the foot off the brake

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12
Q

What two nuclei contain neurons that are disinhibited by the action of the globus pallidus

A

subthalamic nucleus

thalamus VL nucleus

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13
Q

What is the end result of the disinhibition of the sub thalamic nucleus and thalamus VL nucleus

A

disinhibition of the indirect loop

*motor activity

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14
Q

What is athetoid

A

slow, involuntary, twisting, writhing movements

usually a result of damage to the striatum during childbirth

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15
Q

What is choreiform

A

spastic, irregular, involuntary, purposeless, abrupt, rapid, nonrepetitive movements that flow from one body part to another

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16
Q

What causes choreiform

A

Huntington’s disease/Syndenham’s chorea

loss of GABAergic neurons in the striatum

17
Q

What is ballism (ballistic)

A

large amplitude flinging, repetitive, various, flailing movements (throwing ball)

18
Q

What causes ballism

A

damage to the sub thalamic nucleus

19
Q

What is akinesia

A

no movement

20
Q

What is bradykinesia

A

decreased speed of movement

21
Q

What is hypokinesia

A

decreased amplitude of movement

22
Q

The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in Huntington’s disease

A

loss of GABAergis neurons in the striatum

23
Q

The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in Parkinson’s disease

A

degeneration of dopamine-secreting substantia nigra pars compacta

24
Q

The loss of what neurons and of which neurotransmitter cause the motor dysfunction seen in hemiballism

A

damage to subtalamic nucleus

25
Q

What region of the cortex is the target of efferent signals from the basal ganglia

A

motor cortex

26
Q

This thalamic nucleus is associated with declarative memory

A

anterior nucleus

27
Q

This thalamic nucleus is associated with touch sensation

A

VPM and VPL
ventral posteriomedial nucleus
ventral posteriolateral nucleus

28
Q

This thalamic nucleus is associated with motor control

A

VA and VL
ventroanterior nucleus
ventrolateral nucleus

29
Q

This thalamic nucleus is associated with audition and vision

A

medial geniculate body (MGB); auditory

lateral geniculate body (LGB); vision

30
Q

What is procedural memory

A

memory for the performance of particular actions

motor loop; putamen

31
Q

What is an example of a thalamic association nucleus

A

mediodorsal nucleus

32
Q

What is an example of a non-specific thalamic nucleus

A

intralaminar nucleus

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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