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SP14 Anatomy > Final Gross - Thoracic Wall, Lungs, and Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Final Gross - Thoracic Wall, Lungs, and Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

This range of ribs are known as the true ribs, having their own costal cartilage/attachment to the sternum

A

ribs 1-7

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2
Q

This range of ribs are the falst ribs, do not have their own costal cartilage attachment

A

ribs 8-12

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3
Q

These are the floating ribs, they are not attached to the sternum

A

ribs 11 and 12

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4
Q

This part of the sternum has the clavicular notch for sternoclavicular joint

A

manubrium

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5
Q

This part of the sternum joins the manubrium at sternal angle (of Louis)

A

body

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6
Q

This is the lowest point of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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7
Q

This joint is a secondary cartilaginous joint symphysis = slightly movable

A

manubriosternal joint

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8
Q

This is a primary cartilaginous joint synchrondriosis = immovable joint

A

xiphosternal joint

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9
Q

What can become of the manubriosternal and xiphosternal joint as we age

A

they may fuse (ossify)

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10
Q

This part of the ribs articulates with 2 vertebral bodies and 1 disc

A

head

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11
Q

This part of the ribs articulates with 1 transverse process

A

tubercle

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12
Q

This region of the ribs is the of the greatest curve (angle is found here)

A

body

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13
Q

This part of the ribs is formed by intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

A

costal groove

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14
Q

This is the region of muscle attachment between upper limb and anterior chest

A

the pectoral region of the thoracic wall

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15
Q

What muscles compose the pectoral region

A

pectoralis major and minor

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16
Q

This muscle is divided into clavicular and sternocostal heads

A

pectoralis major

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17
Q

This muscle is enveloped in clavipectoral fascia

A

pectoralis minor

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18
Q

What bones and muscles are found in the anterior thoracic wall

A

ribs and sternum

pectoral, intercostal, and subcostal muscles

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19
Q

What vessels/nerves are found in the anterior thoracic wall

A

intercostal vessels and nerves

internal thoracic vessels

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20
Q

What are the different intercostal muscles

A

external
internal
innermost

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21
Q

These are located in the costal groove along the inferior rib superiorly

A

intercostal vein, artery, and nerve (in that order from superior to inferior)

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22
Q

These are located just superior to the superior part of a rib, or the inferior most part of an intercostal space

A

collateral nerve, artery, and vein (in that order from superior to inferior)

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23
Q

What vessles/nerve branches to give the collateral vessels/nerve

A

intercostal

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24
Q

The collateral and intercostal vessels re-join to form what

A

anterior perforating branches of intercostal vessels

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25
Q

Where do the anterior perforating branches branch at

A

just medial to internal thoracic artery and vein (closer to sternum)

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26
Q

This is the serous secreting membranes that reduce friction

A

pleura

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27
Q

This pleura covers the thoracic wall and is very sensitive to pain

A

parietal pleura

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28
Q

What nerves innervate the parietal pleura

A

intercostal and phrenic nerves

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29
Q

This pleura covers the lungs and is not sensitive to pain

A

visceral pleura

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30
Q

Where are both pleural layers continuous at

A

at the root of the lung

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31
Q

What are the four portions of the parietal pleura

A

cervical
costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal

32
Q

The pleural cavities are potential spaces of which can be filled with effusion (pathological fluid) and cause what damages

A

may compress lungs
difficulty breathing
pleural effusions are visible on chest radiographs

33
Q

This is accumulation of air in the pleural cavity causing the collapse of the lung due to its own elasticity

A

pneumothorax

34
Q

This is accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity and may cause adhesions and infection

A

hemothorax

35
Q

This is inflammation of the pleura and usually leads to the formation of pleural adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura; also can cause pain

A

pleurisy

36
Q

This is the aspiration of fluids in the lungs

A

pleural tap; thoracentesis

37
Q

Where is the best location for a thoracentesis

A

midaxillary line or slightly posterior

ICS of 6 or 7, in order not to pierce the diaphragm, liver/spleen, and to avoid the intercostals and collaterals.

38
Q

Which lung has three lobes

A

right lung

upper, middle, and lower

39
Q

Which lung has two lobes

A

left lung

upper and lower

40
Q

What major fissure is found on both lungs

A

oblique

41
Q

What minor fissure is found on the right lung one, separating the upper and middle lobes

A

horizontal

42
Q

Where is the bronchus in the hilum of the right lung

A

it is always superior to pulmonary vessels

43
Q

Where are the pulmonary veins located in the hilum of both lungs

A

most anterior/inferior

44
Q

Where is the pulmonary artery in the hilum of the left lung

A

it is the most superior

45
Q

This connects the lung to the mediastinum and is covered in a sleeve of pleura

A

root of the lungs

46
Q

What is located in the root of the lungs

A

bronchi and pulmonary vessels

47
Q

This is located inferior as the sleeve of pleura around the root of the lungs is mostly empty and collapsed, contains only a few lymph vessels

A

pulmonary ligament

48
Q

This nerve passes anteriorly to the roots and is closely applied to pericardial sac

A

phrenic nerve

49
Q

These vessels run with the phrenic nerve and are branches of internal thoracic artery and brachiocephalic vein

A

pericardiacophrenic vessels

50
Q

This nerve passes posterior to roots and is closely applied to the trachea, esophagus, and aorta

A

vagus nerve

51
Q

What does the vagus nerve pass anteriorly to near the left lung

A

anterior to arch of aorta

52
Q

This artery supplies nutrients to bronchi and lungs

A

bronchia artery

53
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves come from that innervate the lungs

A

sympathetic trunk; T1-T5

54
Q

Where do the parasympathetic nerves come from that innervate the lugns

A

vagus

55
Q

The splits into the 2 primary bronchi

A

trachea

56
Q

The primary bronchi split into what

A

2 (L) or 3 (R) secondary (lobar) bronchi

57
Q

The secondary bronchi spilt into what

A

8 (L) or 10 (R) tertiary (segmental) bronchi

58
Q

This is the median space between the 2 pleural sacs extending from thoracic inlet to diaphragm and from sternum to 12th thoracic vertebrae

A

mediastinum

59
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum

A

superior
anterior
middle
posterior

60
Q

This division of the mediastinum is above the sternal angle and T4-T5 IV disc

A

superior

61
Q

This division of the mediastinum is between the sternum and pericardium (thymus found here)

A

anterior

62
Q

This division of the mediastimun contains the pericardium and related structures

A

middle

63
Q

This division of the mediastinum is between the pericardium and T5-T12 vertebrae

A

posterior

64
Q

What structures does the middle mediastinum contain

A

pericardium and heart
phrenic nerve applied to pericardium
pericardiacophrenic vessels
roots of great vessels to and from heart

65
Q

This is the tough fibrous sac line with serous membrane enclosing the heart and pierced by the roots of 8 vessels

A

pericardium

66
Q

This portion of the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm interiorly

A

fibrous portion

67
Q

This portion of the pericardium is divided into the parietal and visceral layers

A

serous portion

68
Q

What are the 8 vessels that pierce the pericardium

A 
SVC
IVC
aorta
pulmonary trunk
4 pulmonary vessels
69
Q

This lines the out fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

70
Q

This covers the surface of the heart

A

visceral pericardium (epicardium)

71
Q

The is the complete inner pericardial membrane (parietal and visceral layers)

A

pericardial sac

72
Q

This is inside the pericardial sac and is a potential space between the serous and parietal layers containing only a small amount of serious fluid

A

pericardial cavity

73
Q

This is the accumulation of fluid in pericardial cavity resulting in the compression of the heart, common with congestive heart failure

A

pericardial effusion

74
Q

This is the accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity associated with penetrating heart wounds or perforated heart muscles following MI

A

hemopericardium

75
Q

Arterial bleeding into pericardial cavity leads to what

A

cardiac tamponade; compression of the heart and roots of great vessels

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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