EX 3 Neuro - Limbic System and Hypothalamus

Question 1

This structure evaluates sensory information for familiar/important content

Answer 1

hippocampus

Question 2

This is the “rolodex-like” file of the hippocampus which retrieves stored cognitive information

Answer 2

concept neuron

Question 3

What is the input to the hippocampus

Answer 3

visual
auditory
tactile
multimodal sensory input

Question 4

What is the output from the hippocampus

Answer 4

to sensory cortical areas (memory)

to mammilary body (Papez’s circuit, motor response to memory)

Question 5

This structure evaluates sensory signals as to emotional content (facial expressions, surroundings); involved with memory of social events, response of social situations, and anxiety

Answer 5

amygdala

Question 6

What is the input to the amygdala

Answer 6

primary sensory input
cerebral cortex, especially orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate and insular cortices

Question 7

What is the output from the amygdala

Answer 7

hypthalamus and brainstem
autonomic responses
panic with PAG
orbitofrontal cortex; anxiety to consciousness
cingulate and insular cortices

Question 8

What is kluver-bucy syndrome

Answer 8

seen following bilateral temporal pole removal

Question 9

What are the symptoms of kluver-bucy

Answer 9

compulsive manipulation of objects
insatiable appetite
sexual exhibitionsism
amnesia
loss of aggressive behavior

Question 10

What is the function of the Papez circuit

Answer 10

to link the hippocampus to cingulate cortex

Question 11

What is the path of the Papez circuit

Answer 11

hippocampal formation
fornix
mammilary body
mammilothalamic tract
anterior nucleus of thalamus
cingulate cortex (selection of motor response)
cingulum
entorhinal cortex (and back again)

Question 12

What will be the effect of damage to the hippocampus

Answer 12

inability to remember
“where am I”
“how do I get home”
causes anterograde and retrograde amnesia; failure to make new memories or recall old memories

Question 13

What is the neuroanatomical basis of procedural memory

Answer 13

striatum and basal ganglia communicate to process this memory or a certain procedure (tie does, zip a zipper, etc.)

Question 14

What type of amnesia can be induced involving procedural memory

Answer 14

expertise-induced amnesia; performing a task so many times that details aren’t vivid/recallable; not remembering if you locked your door before you left

Question 15

What is the neuroanatomical basis of declarative memory

Answer 15

hippocampus; retaining and recalling episodic memories, creating new declarative memories (name, fun facts, experiences, etc.)

Question 16

What are grid cells

Answer 16

like a map of the environment; visual, auditory, and tactile clues

Question 17

Where are grid cells found

Answer 17

entorhinal cortex

adjacent parahippocampal and perirhinal cortex

Question 18

What are place cells

Answer 18

give cognitive representation of specific location within a given space; animals place is centered within a restricted environment; monitor action of head direction cells

Question 19

Where are place cells found

Answer 19

hippocampus

Question 20

What effect does Alzheimer’s disease have on the hippocampus

Answer 20

causes cell loss to hippocampal formation; disconnects input/output paths

Question 21

Stimulation of the amygdala in the human will produce what emotion

Answer 21

anxiety or fear; stimulation of only the left amygdala can cause happiness OR anxiety/fear

Question 22

The amygdala is responsible for the storage and recall of what aspect of memory

Answer 22

memory of social events

autonomic and somatic responses to social situations

Question 23

Stimulation of the nucleus accumbens will produce what emotion

Answer 23

feelings of pleasure and reward due to release of dopamine

Question 24

How is nucleus accumbens involved in addiction

Answer 24

high levels of dopamine cause an increase in receptor sites therefore requiring a stronger surge to replicate usual pleasure

Question 25

What is the medial pain system

Answer 25

functions in the appreciation and control of subjective aspects of pain

Question 26

What are the components of the medial pain system

Answer 26

medial thalamus to cingulate cortex, insular cortex

Question 27

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in processing pain signals

Answer 27

selects autonomic response appropriate to ongoing emotions

Question 28

What is the role of the midcingulate cortex in processing pain signals

Answer 28

selects somatic response appropriate to ongoing emotions

Question 29

What is the function go the insular cortex in relation to pain

Answer 29

top-down suppression (controls reaction to physical/emotional pain)

Question 30

What are two major coerces of fibers to the hypothalamus

Answer 30

input from brainstem, retina, and limbic system (hippocampus and amygdala)

Question 31

“Jet lag” can be reset by action within which hypothalamic nucleus

Answer 31

suprachiasmatic nucleus; stimulated by light cycles

Question 32

What are the two hypothalamic nuclei which produce ADH and oxytocin

Answer 32

supraoptic nuclei

paraventricular nuclei

Question 33

A lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus will have what effect on appetite

Answer 33

voracious appetite

Question 34

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus, the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the adrenal gland

Answer 34

forms the HPA axis
controls reactions to stress
regulates digestion, immunity, mood, emotions, energy storage/usafe

Question 35

What neurotransmitter facilitates both uterine contractions during childbirth and milk let-down during nursing

Answer 35

oxytocin