EX 3 Neuro - Limbic System and Hypothalamus Flashcards
This structure evaluates sensory information for familiar/important content
hippocampus
This is the “rolodex-like” file of the hippocampus which retrieves stored cognitive information
concept neuron
What is the input to the hippocampus
visual
auditory
tactile
multimodal sensory input
What is the output from the hippocampus
to sensory cortical areas (memory)
to mammilary body (Papez’s circuit, motor response to memory)
This structure evaluates sensory signals as to emotional content (facial expressions, surroundings); involved with memory of social events, response of social situations, and anxiety
amygdala
What is the input to the amygdala
primary sensory input
cerebral cortex, especially orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate and insular cortices
What is the output from the amygdala
hypthalamus and brainstem autonomic responses panic with PAG orbitofrontal cortex; anxiety to consciousness cingulate and insular cortices
What is kluver-bucy syndrome
seen following bilateral temporal pole removal
What are the symptoms of kluver-bucy
compulsive manipulation of objects insatiable appetite sexual exhibitionsism amnesia loss of aggressive behavior
What is the function of the Papez circuit
to link the hippocampus to cingulate cortex
What is the path of the Papez circuit
hippocampal formation fornix mammilary body mammilothalamic tract anterior nucleus of thalamus cingulate cortex (selection of motor response) cingulum entorhinal cortex (and back again)
What will be the effect of damage to the hippocampus
inability to remember
“where am I”
“how do I get home”
causes anterograde and retrograde amnesia; failure to make new memories or recall old memories
What is the neuroanatomical basis of procedural memory
striatum and basal ganglia communicate to process this memory or a certain procedure (tie does, zip a zipper, etc.)
What type of amnesia can be induced involving procedural memory
expertise-induced amnesia; performing a task so many times that details aren’t vivid/recallable; not remembering if you locked your door before you left
What is the neuroanatomical basis of declarative memory
hippocampus; retaining and recalling episodic memories, creating new declarative memories (name, fun facts, experiences, etc.)
What are grid cells
like a map of the environment; visual, auditory, and tactile clues
Where are grid cells found
entorhinal cortex
adjacent parahippocampal and perirhinal cortex
What are place cells
give cognitive representation of specific location within a given space; animals place is centered within a restricted environment; monitor action of head direction cells
Where are place cells found
hippocampus
What effect does Alzheimer’s disease have on the hippocampus
causes cell loss to hippocampal formation; disconnects input/output paths
Stimulation of the amygdala in the human will produce what emotion
anxiety or fear; stimulation of only the left amygdala can cause happiness OR anxiety/fear
The amygdala is responsible for the storage and recall of what aspect of memory
memory of social events
autonomic and somatic responses to social situations
Stimulation of the nucleus accumbens will produce what emotion
feelings of pleasure and reward due to release of dopamine
How is nucleus accumbens involved in addiction
high levels of dopamine cause an increase in receptor sites therefore requiring a stronger surge to replicate usual pleasure
What is the medial pain system
functions in the appreciation and control of subjective aspects of pain
What are the components of the medial pain system
medial thalamus to cingulate cortex, insular cortex
What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in processing pain signals
selects autonomic response appropriate to ongoing emotions
What is the role of the midcingulate cortex in processing pain signals
selects somatic response appropriate to ongoing emotions
What is the function go the insular cortex in relation to pain
top-down suppression (controls reaction to physical/emotional pain)
What are two major coerces of fibers to the hypothalamus
input from brainstem, retina, and limbic system (hippocampus and amygdala)
“Jet lag” can be reset by action within which hypothalamic nucleus
suprachiasmatic nucleus; stimulated by light cycles
What are the two hypothalamic nuclei which produce ADH and oxytocin
supraoptic nuclei
paraventricular nuclei
A lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus will have what effect on appetite
voracious appetite
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus, the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the adrenal gland
forms the HPA axis
controls reactions to stress
regulates digestion, immunity, mood, emotions, energy storage/usafe
What neurotransmitter facilitates both uterine contractions during childbirth and milk let-down during nursing
oxytocin
