EX3 Histology - Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the main components of the male reproductive system
testes
passageways
accessory glands (seminal vesicles, etc.)
penis
What is the endocrine and exocrine function of the testes
endocrine; produce testosterone and steroidogenesis
exocrine; production of spermatozoa
What are the steps of spermatogenesis
spermatocytogenesis
spermiogenesis
This is the formation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes to spermatids involving two steps
spermatocytogenesis
What are the two steps of spermatocytogenesis
spermatogonial phase; mitosis
spermatocyte phase; meiosis
This is the maturation phase; spermatids to spermatozoa
spermiogenesis
What is the main reason for the testes being located in the scrotum
scrotum is outside the body and therefore the temperature is lower; required for sperm production
What is the epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules
complex stratified epithelium
What two cells are found in the seminiferous tubules
sertoli cells
spermatogenic cells
What is contained within the spermatogenic cells
spermatogonia
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
spermatids
What type of spermatogonia are there
Type A dark
Type A pale
Type B
Type A dark spermatogonia are parallel to what type of cells
stem cells
Where do Type A pale spermatogonia come from and what is important about them
derived from Type A dark
undergoes mitosis, but does not fully divide, stays connected
Type B spermatogonia are derived from what and does what
derived from Type A pale
continues with mitosis; condenses the chromatin
Type B spermatogonia is the last sperm precursor to do what
undergo mitosis
from then on in production, it is strictly meiosis
What are the levels of chromatid/chromosomes in primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids
primary spermatocytes; 2N, 4D
secondary spermatocytes; 1N, 2D
spermatids; 1N, 1D
How long does the entire spermatogenesis process last
2 months
Where does spermatogenesis (differentiation) occur
in the epididymis
What is the overall process of spermatogenesis
formation of acrosome flattening of nucleus reorganizing of mitochondria lengthening of body flagellum creation loss of cytoplasm
These are short straight tubules; lined only with sertoli cells (triangle nucleus)
straight tubules
What type of epithelium lines the end of straight tubules
cubodial epithelium with underlying dense connective tissue
This is an interconnected network of channels lined with cubodial epithelium of which the cells have a single apical cilium and few, short, apical microvili
rete testis
This is lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with groups of non ciliated cubodial cells with microbial alternating with groups of taller ciliated cells; some circularly orientated smooth muscles can be found
efferent ductules
This is a highly coiled excretory duct, 4-5 meters in length; storage and completion of maturation process occurs here
epididymis
What kind of epithelium lines the epididymis
pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of rounded basal cells and columnar cells with stereo cilia; surrounded by smooth muscle cells
This is an long, straight excretory duct that is part of the spermatic cord with two main parts; the ampulla and ejaculatory duct
ductus (vas) deferens
What kind of epithelium lines the ductus deferens
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with sparse stereo cilia
muscularis has 3 layers of smooth muscle
mucosa lies in longitidunal folds
narrow lumen
This is the dilated area of the ductus deferens where the epithelium is thicker and more folded
ampulla
This is the portion of the ductus deferens in the prostate gland; after the seminal vesicle joins; no muscular layer
ejaculatory duct
What are the the parts of the male urethra
prostatic
membranous
spongy (or penile)
These glands produce seminal fluid
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
These produce ~60% of seminal fluid; contains fructose
seminal vesicles
This gland activates the sperm; empties in to prostatic urethra
prostate
These glands produce alkaline mucous to help reduce pH and fight the acidic environment of the female
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
What kind of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles
simple columnar or pseudo stratified columnar rich in secretory granules
smooth muscle
thin folds in lumen
What kind of epithelium lines the prostate
30-50 tubuloaveolar glands embedded in fibromuscular stroma, covered by fibroelastic capsule
contains corpora amylacea or prostatic concretions
What kind of epithelium lines the bulbourethral glands
compound tubuloaveloar glands lined with mucous-secreting simple columnar epithelium
Where are the bulbourethral glands located
urogential diaphragm and empty into proximal part of the penile urethra
When does an erection occur
when the three cylinders of erective tissue fills with blood
What are the three cylinders of erective tissues
corpus cavernosa (2) corpus spongiosum
What kind of epithelium lines the erective tissues
pseudostratified columnar
at the end - stratified squamous
