EX3 Histology - Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the main components of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

testes
passageways
accessory glands (seminal vesicles, etc.)
penis

Question 2

What is the endocrine and exocrine function of the testes

Answer 2

endocrine; produce testosterone and steroidogenesis

exocrine; production of spermatozoa

Question 3

What are the steps of spermatogenesis

Answer 3

spermatocytogenesis

spermiogenesis

Question 4

This is the formation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes to spermatids involving two steps

Answer 4

spermatocytogenesis

Question 5

What are the two steps of spermatocytogenesis

Answer 5

spermatogonial phase; mitosis

spermatocyte phase; meiosis

Question 6

This is the maturation phase; spermatids to spermatozoa

Answer 6

spermiogenesis

Question 7

What is the main reason for the testes being located in the scrotum

Answer 7

scrotum is outside the body and therefore the temperature is lower; required for sperm production

Question 8

What is the epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

complex stratified epithelium

Question 9

What two cells are found in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 9

sertoli cells

spermatogenic cells

Question 10

What is contained within the spermatogenic cells

Answer 10

spermatogonia
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
spermatids

Question 11

What type of spermatogonia are there

Answer 11

Type A dark
Type A pale
Type B

Question 12

Type A dark spermatogonia are parallel to what type of cells

Answer 12

stem cells

Question 13

Where do Type A pale spermatogonia come from and what is important about them

Answer 13

derived from Type A dark

undergoes mitosis, but does not fully divide, stays connected

Question 14

Type B spermatogonia are derived from what and does what

Answer 14

derived from Type A pale

continues with mitosis; condenses the chromatin

Question 15

Type B spermatogonia is the last sperm precursor to do what

Answer 15

undergo mitosis

from then on in production, it is strictly meiosis

Question 16

What are the levels of chromatid/chromosomes in primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids

Answer 16

primary spermatocytes; 2N, 4D
secondary spermatocytes; 1N, 2D
spermatids; 1N, 1D

Question 17

How long does the entire spermatogenesis process last

Answer 17

2 months

Question 18

Where does spermatogenesis (differentiation) occur

Answer 18

in the epididymis

Question 19

What is the overall process of spermatogenesis

Answer 19

formation of acrosome
flattening of nucleus
reorganizing of mitochondria
lengthening of body
flagellum creation
loss of cytoplasm

Question 20

These are short straight tubules; lined only with sertoli cells (triangle nucleus)

Answer 20

straight tubules

Question 21

What type of epithelium lines the end of straight tubules

Answer 21

cubodial epithelium with underlying dense connective tissue

Question 22

This is an interconnected network of channels lined with cubodial epithelium of which the cells have a single apical cilium and few, short, apical microvili

Answer 22

rete testis

Question 23

This is lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with groups of non ciliated cubodial cells with microbial alternating with groups of taller ciliated cells; some circularly orientated smooth muscles can be found

Answer 23

efferent ductules

Question 24

This is a highly coiled excretory duct, 4-5 meters in length; storage and completion of maturation process occurs here

Answer 24

epididymis

Question 25

What kind of epithelium lines the epididymis

Answer 25

pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of rounded basal cells and columnar cells with stereo cilia; surrounded by smooth muscle cells

Question 26

This is an long, straight excretory duct that is part of the spermatic cord with two main parts; the ampulla and ejaculatory duct

Answer 26

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 27

What kind of epithelium lines the ductus deferens

Answer 27

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with sparse stereo cilia muscularis has 3 layers of smooth muscle mucosa lies in longitidunal folds narrow lumen

Question 28

This is the dilated area of the ductus deferens where the epithelium is thicker and more folded

Answer 28

ampulla

Question 29

This is the portion of the ductus deferens in the prostate gland; after the seminal vesicle joins; no muscular layer

Answer 29

ejaculatory duct

Question 30

What are the the parts of the male urethra

Answer 30

prostatic membranous spongy (or penile)

Question 31

These glands produce seminal fluid

Answer 31

seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Question 32

These produce ~60% of seminal fluid; contains fructose

Answer 32

seminal vesicles

Question 33

This gland activates the sperm; empties in to prostatic urethra

Answer 33

prostate

Question 34

These glands produce alkaline mucous to help reduce pH and fight the acidic environment of the female

Answer 34

bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands

Question 35

What kind of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles

Answer 35

simple columnar or pseudo stratified columnar rich in secretory granules smooth muscle thin folds in lumen

Question 36

What kind of epithelium lines the prostate

Answer 36

30-50 tubuloaveolar glands embedded in fibromuscular stroma, covered by fibroelastic capsule contains corpora amylacea or prostatic concretions

Question 37

What kind of epithelium lines the bulbourethral glands

Answer 37

compound tubuloaveloar glands lined with mucous-secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 38

Where are the bulbourethral glands located

Answer 38

urogential diaphragm and empty into proximal part of the penile urethra

Question 39

When does an erection occur

Answer 39

when the three cylinders of erective tissue fills with blood

Question 40

What are the three cylinders of erective tissues

Answer 40

``` corpus cavernosa (2) corpus spongiosum ```

Question 41

What kind of epithelium lines the erective tissues

Answer 41

pseudostratified columnar | at the end - stratified squamous