EX3 Histology - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the male reproductive system

A

testes
passageways
accessory glands (seminal vesicles, etc.)
penis

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2
Q

What is the endocrine and exocrine function of the testes

A

endocrine; produce testosterone and steroidogenesis

exocrine; production of spermatozoa

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3
Q

What are the steps of spermatogenesis

A

spermatocytogenesis

spermiogenesis

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4
Q

This is the formation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes to spermatids involving two steps

A

spermatocytogenesis

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5
Q

What are the two steps of spermatocytogenesis

A

spermatogonial phase; mitosis

spermatocyte phase; meiosis

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6
Q

This is the maturation phase; spermatids to spermatozoa

A

spermiogenesis

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7
Q

What is the main reason for the testes being located in the scrotum

A

scrotum is outside the body and therefore the temperature is lower; required for sperm production

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8
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules

A

complex stratified epithelium

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9
Q

What two cells are found in the seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli cells

spermatogenic cells

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10
Q

What is contained within the spermatogenic cells

A

spermatogonia
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
spermatids

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11
Q

What type of spermatogonia are there

A

Type A dark
Type A pale
Type B

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12
Q

Type A dark spermatogonia are parallel to what type of cells

A

stem cells

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13
Q

Where do Type A pale spermatogonia come from and what is important about them

A

derived from Type A dark

undergoes mitosis, but does not fully divide, stays connected

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14
Q

Type B spermatogonia are derived from what and does what

A

derived from Type A pale

continues with mitosis; condenses the chromatin

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15
Q

Type B spermatogonia is the last sperm precursor to do what

A

undergo mitosis

from then on in production, it is strictly meiosis

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16
Q

What are the levels of chromatid/chromosomes in primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids

A

primary spermatocytes; 2N, 4D
secondary spermatocytes; 1N, 2D
spermatids; 1N, 1D

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17
Q

How long does the entire spermatogenesis process last

A

2 months

18
Q

Where does spermatogenesis (differentiation) occur

A

in the epididymis

19
Q

What is the overall process of spermatogenesis

A
formation of acrosome
flattening of nucleus
reorganizing of mitochondria
lengthening of body
flagellum creation
loss of cytoplasm
20
Q

These are short straight tubules; lined only with sertoli cells (triangle nucleus)

A

straight tubules

21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the end of straight tubules

A

cubodial epithelium with underlying dense connective tissue

22
Q

This is an interconnected network of channels lined with cubodial epithelium of which the cells have a single apical cilium and few, short, apical microvili

A

rete testis

23
Q

This is lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with groups of non ciliated cubodial cells with microbial alternating with groups of taller ciliated cells; some circularly orientated smooth muscles can be found

A

efferent ductules

24
Q

This is a highly coiled excretory duct, 4-5 meters in length; storage and completion of maturation process occurs here

A

epididymis

25
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the epididymis

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of rounded basal cells and columnar cells with stereo cilia; surrounded by smooth muscle cells

26
Q

This is an long, straight excretory duct that is part of the spermatic cord with two main parts; the ampulla and ejaculatory duct

A

ductus (vas) deferens

27
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the ductus deferens

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with sparse stereo cilia
muscularis has 3 layers of smooth muscle
mucosa lies in longitidunal folds
narrow lumen

28
Q

This is the dilated area of the ductus deferens where the epithelium is thicker and more folded

A

ampulla

29
Q

This is the portion of the ductus deferens in the prostate gland; after the seminal vesicle joins; no muscular layer

A

ejaculatory duct

30
Q

What are the the parts of the male urethra

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy (or penile)

31
Q

These glands produce seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

32
Q

These produce ~60% of seminal fluid; contains fructose

A

seminal vesicles

33
Q

This gland activates the sperm; empties in to prostatic urethra

A

prostate

34
Q

These glands produce alkaline mucous to help reduce pH and fight the acidic environment of the female

A

bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

35
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles

A

simple columnar or pseudo stratified columnar rich in secretory granules
smooth muscle
thin folds in lumen

36
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the prostate

A

30-50 tubuloaveolar glands embedded in fibromuscular stroma, covered by fibroelastic capsule
contains corpora amylacea or prostatic concretions

37
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the bulbourethral glands

A

compound tubuloaveloar glands lined with mucous-secreting simple columnar epithelium

38
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located

A

urogential diaphragm and empty into proximal part of the penile urethra

39
Q

When does an erection occur

A

when the three cylinders of erective tissue fills with blood

40
Q

What are the three cylinders of erective tissues

A
corpus cavernosa (2)
corpus spongiosum
41
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the erective tissues

A

pseudostratified columnar

at the end - stratified squamous