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SP14 Anatomy > Final Embryo - Heart Development > Flashcards

Final Embryo - Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

This is when splanchnic mesoderm cells cluster together to form a solid horseshoe-shaped cord of endothelial cells

A

vasculogenesis

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2
Q

Where does the horseshoe shaped endothelial cord form

A

within cardiac mesoderm

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3
Q

True or False

The cardiac system is the last system that becomes functioning in an embryo

A

False; it is the first functioning system

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4
Q

When does the horseshoe shaped endothelial cord hollow out

A

in the 4th week

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5
Q

How does the horseshoe shaped endothelial cord form a single heart tube

A

via the folding of the lateral sides of the endothelial tube in ventrally and medially approaching each other at the midline to fuse

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6
Q

Upon lateral folding to form the heart tube, what else fuses

A

paired dorsal aortae

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7
Q

This repositions the developing heart and pericardial cavity

A

head folding

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8
Q

prior to head folding, the heart is located where

A

rostral to oropharyngeal membrane

ventral to pericardial cavity

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9
Q

post head folding, the heart is located where

A

caudal to oropharyngeal membrane
dorsal to pericardial cavity
ventral to foregut
rostral to spetum transversum (diaphragm)

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10
Q

This acts like a “hinge” in head folding to reposition the heart

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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11
Q

As the dorsal mesocardium degenerates (day 22), what forms

A

transverse pericardial sinus

space behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

What are the layers of the primitive heart tube from deep to superficial

A 
endothelium
cardiac jelly
myocardium
epicardium
pericardial cavity
parietal pericardium
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13
Q

All of the layers of the primitive heart tube are derived from what

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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14
Q

At what day does the heart begin to beat

A

Day 22 or 23

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15
Q

What are the dilations of the primordial heart tube

A 
sinus venosus
primordial atrium
primordial ventricle
conus cordis
truncus arteriosus
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16
Q

The sinus venous forms what structures in adults

A

coronary sinus

sinus venarum

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17
Q

The primordial atrium forms what structures in adults

A

right and left auricles

portions of the atria

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18
Q

The primordial ventricle forms what structure in adults

A

left ventricle

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19
Q

The conus cordis forms what structures in adults

A

outflow tract of the ventricles

caudal (proximal) portion of forms right ventricle

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20
Q

The truncus arterioles forms what structures in adults

A

pulmonary trunk

aorta

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21
Q

What to primitive structures form the bulbs cordis

A

truncus arteriosus

conus cordis

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22
Q

This is between the primordial atrium and primordial ventricle

A

atrioventricular sulcus

atrioventricular canal

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23
Q

This is between the primordial ventricle and conus cordis

A

bulboventricular sulcus

primary interventricular foramen

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24
Q

Where does the blood flow after the bulbs cordis

A

aortic sac then pharyngeal arch arteries

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25
When does the formation of the cardiac loop/heart folding takes place when
Days 22-28
26
As the heart fold, which direction does it move
its cranial end will shift ventrally, caudally and to the right its caudal end will shift dorsally and superiorly
27
What is the blood circulation through the primordial heart
``` sinus venosus primordial atrium atrioventricular canal left (primordial) ventricle interventricular foramen right ventricle conus cordis truncus arteriosus aortic sac pharyngeal aa. dorsal aortae ```
28
Partioning of he primordial heart takes place when
Days 27-37
29
In partitioning the atrioventricular canal endothelial cells near the AV junction do what
revert to mesenchymal state, invade the underlying cardiac jelly, and proliferate
30
What does the endothelial cells near the AV junction cause
it cause the endocardium to bulge out into the AV canal from its dorsal and ventral walls
31
The dorsal and ventral endocardial walls develop and fuse together forming what
atrioventricular septum that divide the atrioventricular canal into right and left AV canals
32
Is the portioned AV canal completely sealed off?
No
33
Partioning of the primordial atrium involved what
forming two septa that will fuse together to from the interatrial septum
34
What are the two septa of the intertribal septum
``` septum primum (first) septum secundum (second) ```
35
This develops from the roof of the primordial atrium as the thin, moon-shaped membrane
septum primum
36
This grows inferiorly to fuse with the endocardial cushions
spetum primun
37
The opening between the inferior edge of the septum primun and the endocardial cushions is what
foramen primun
38
As the septum primum fuses with the endocardial cushions and the foramen primum closes, what forms
holes in the center of the septum primun via apoptosis | forming foramen secundum
39
As the foramen secundum is formed, what beings to develop to the right
septum secundum
40
The septam secundum grows inferiorly and develops an opening called what
foramen ovale (oval foramen)
41
Where does blood flow via the foramen ovale and foramen secundum
blood now passed from right to left atrium
42
After birth, what happens to the foramen ovale
it closes off and there is no blood flow between atria
43
What forms the valve of the foramen ovale
the septum primum; the cranial portion degenerates
44
After birth, what happens to the valve of the foramen ovale
The blood pressure of the left atrium exceeds the right atrium which pushed the valve closed and they fuse which closes of the foramen
45
What does the closing of the foramen oval create
fossa ovalis; a depression in the wall of the right atrium
46
The muscular portion of the IV septum grows where
cranially toward the AV septum, but does not fuse with it
47
The opening between the right and left ventricles is what
the interventricular foramen
48
The membranous portion of the IV septum is derived from what
the mesenchyme of the endocardial cushion tissue
49
This develops at different orientations through the length of the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus
endocardial cushions
50
The endocardial cushions of the bulbus cordis fuse with each other forming what
a twisting aorticopulmonary septum that divides the outflow tract into pulmonary trunk and aorta
51
What is the most common congenital heart defect
ventricular septal defect
52
What is a ventricular septal defect
failure of IV septum to completely form
53
What is the anatomical basis for a ventricular septal defect
in most cases (80%) the membranous portion of the septum fails to form, but can also be the muscular portion
54
What are some of the main transpositions of great vessels
the aorticopulmonary septum grows straight instead of spiraling aorta arises from right ventricle pulmonary trunk arises from left ventricle
55
What is the tetralogy of fallot
interventricular septal defect hypertrophy of right ventricle overring aorta pulmonary stenosis
56
Aorticopulmonary septum divides what
outflow tract unequally, resulting in stenosis of pulmonary trunk and an overriding aorta
57
What 3 pairs veins drain into the sinus venosus
vitelline (from yolk sac) umbilical (deoxygenated blood) common cardinal (body of embryo)
58
Originally, the sinus venous opens where
directly into the central dorsal wall of the primordial atrium
59
Blood flow from the heart gradually shifts to the right side due to what
remodeling of the vitelline, umbilical, and anterior cardinal veins
60
What is the result of the blood flow remodeling to the right
the right horn of the sinus venosus becomes larger than the left
61
The right horn of the sinus venosus becomes what
smooth walled portion of the right atrium (sinus venarum)
62
The left horn of the sinus venosus becomes what
the coronary sinus that drains into the right atrium
63
As the heart grows, the primordial pulmonary veins and portions of its branches are incorporated where
into the dorsal aspect of the heart, forming the smooth-walled portion of the left atrium
64
The aortic sac becomes what in adults
ascending aorta

SP14 Anatomy (33 decks)

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